---
title: My mate says the pack leader is the toughest alpha who beat the othe… — Wolves and dogs · tree and pragmatics
description: My mate says the pack leader is the toughest alpha who beat the others. What do scientists say now? Test 2 · ★ of lesson 24 «Wolves and dogs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 2 · ★ · Wolves and dogs

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My mate says the pack leader is the toughest alpha who beat the others. What do scientists say now?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** mate, pack leader, toughest alpha, scientists · **What happens:** say, be, beat · **To what, where:** toughest alpha, others · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 2 · ★ of lesson 24 «Wolves and dogs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/24-wolves-and-dogs/#t2).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* My mate says the pack leader is the toughest alpha who beat the others.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:24-wolves-and-dogs:t2:1
# text = My mate says the pack leader is the toughest alpha who beat the others.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	mate	mate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	pack	pack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	leader	leader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	toughest	tough	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	10	amod	_	_
10	alpha	alpha	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	ccomp	_	_
11	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	beat	beat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | My mate |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | the pack leader | the toughest alpha |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **beat** | past | the toughest alpha | the others |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location other=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What do scientists say now?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:24-wolves-and-dogs:t2:2
# text = What do scientists say now?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	obj	_	_
2	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present · do-support | scientists |  |  |  | now |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wild packs are mostly parents leading their own family

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:24-wolves-and-dogs:t2:o1:1
# text = Wild packs are mostly parents leading their own family
1	Wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	packs	pack	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	leading	lead	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Wild packs | parents |  |  |  | mostly *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **lead** | gerund | parents *not said here* | packs's own family |  |  |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent family=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wolves have no leaders, they never meet up

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:24-wolves-and-dogs:t2:o2:1
# text = Wolves have no leaders, they never meet up
1	Wolves	wolf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	4	det	_	_
4	leaders	leader	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	meet	meet	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
9	up	up	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Wolves | no leaders |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leader=Patient |
| 2 | **not** **meet up** | present | Wolves *= wolf* |  |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The leader is chosen by howling loudest

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:24-wolves-and-dogs:t2:o3:1
# text = The leader is chosen by howling loudest
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	leader	leader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	chosen	choose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	howling	howl	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
7	loudest	loud	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **choose** | present · passive |  | the leader |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **howl** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | loud *property* | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, the leader must fight and win a new battle every day

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:24-wolves-and-dogs:t2:o4:1
# text = Yes, the leader must fight and win a new battle every day
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	leader	leader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	fight	fight	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	win	win	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	13	det	_	_
13	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fight** | must | the leader |  |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **win** | infinitive | the leader *not said here* | a new battle |  |  | day |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent battle=Eventuality |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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