---
title: Identify the principal reason for which emperor penguins assemble in… — Team players and partners: meerkats, n… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which emperor penguins assemble in dense huddles during the Antarctic winter. Exam question 2 of lesson 241 «Team players and partners: meerkats, naked mole rats, huddles, cleaners (and do lemmings jump?)» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dep
---

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# Exam question 2 · Team players and partners: meerkats, naked mole rats, hudd…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which emperor penguins assemble in dense huddles during the Antarctic winter.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, emperor penguins · **What happens:** identify, assemble · **To what, where:** principal reason, dense huddles

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 241 «Team players and partners: meerkats, naked mole rats, huddles, cleaners (and do lemmings jump?)» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/241-team-players-and-partners-meerkats-naked-mole-rats-huddles-cleaners-and-lemmings/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:241-team-players-and-partners-meerkats-naked-mole-rats-huddles-cleaners-and-lemmings:e2:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which emperor penguins assemble in dense huddles during the Antarctic winter.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	obl	_	_
7	emperor	emperor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	penguins	penguin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	assemble	assemble	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	dense	dense	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	huddles	huddle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
13	during	during	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	Antarctic	Antarctic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **assemble** | present | emperor penguins |  |  | dense huddles | winter | for the principal reason | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The concealment of the eggs from hungry seals and from the mothers

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:241-team-players-and-partners-meerkats-naked-mole-rats-huddles-cleaners-and-lemmings:e2:o1:1
# text = The concealment of the eggs from hungry seals and from the mothers
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	concealment	concealment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	hungry	hungry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	seals	seal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	mothers	mother	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **conceal** |  |  | the eggs from hungry seals and the mothers |  |  |  |  | nom concealment «state transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The selection of a leader for the colony

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:241-team-players-and-partners-meerkats-naked-mole-rats-huddles-cleaners-and-lemmings:e2:o2:1
# text = The selection of a leader for the colony
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	selection	selection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	leader	leader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	colony	colony	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **select** |  |  | a leader |  |  |  | for the colony | nom selection «act transitive»: of=patient for=obl |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The facilitation of feeding upon fish beneath the ice

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:241-team-players-and-partners-meerkats-naked-mole-rats-huddles-cleaners-and-lemmings:e2:o3:1
# text = The facilitation of feeding upon fish beneath the ice
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	facilitation	facilitation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	feeding	feeding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **facilitate** |  |  | feeding |  |  |  | upon fish; beneath the ice | nom facilitation «state transitive»: of=patient upon=obl beneath=obl |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The conservation of warmth, each bird taking its turn at the exposed margin

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:241-team-players-and-partners-meerkats-naked-mole-rats-huddles-cleaners-and-lemmings:e2:o4:1
# text = The conservation of warmth, each bird taking its turn at the exposed margin
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	conservation	conservation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	warmth	warmth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
8	taking	take	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	turn	turn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	at	at	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	exposed	expose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	amod	_	_
14	margin	margin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | gerund | each bird *not said here* | bird's turn |  | the exposed margin |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent turn=Theme at margin=Asset |
| 2 | **expose** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot |
| 3 | **conserve** |  |  | warmth |  |  |  |  | nom conservation «event transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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