---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Animal builders: beavers, dams and lod… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the construction of a beaver dam? Exam question 1 of lesson 242 «Animal builders: beavers, dams and lodges» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova
---

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# Exam question 1 · Animal builders: beavers, dams and lodges

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the construction of a beaver dam?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, construct · **To what, where:** construction, beaver dam

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 242 «Animal builders: beavers, dams and lodges» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/242-animal-builders-beavers-dams-and-lodges/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:242-animal-builders-beavers-dams-and-lodges:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the construction of a beaver dam?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	construction	construction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	beaver	beaver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	dam	dam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the construction of a beaver dam |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **construct** |  |  | a beaver dam |  |  |  |  | nom construction «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is constructed of sticks, stones and mud, without the employment of any tool

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:242-animal-builders-beavers-dams-and-lodges:e1:o1:1
# text = It is constructed of sticks, stones and mud, without the employment of any tool
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	constructed	construct	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	sticks	stick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	without	without	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	employment	employment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	16	det	_	_
16	tool	tool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **construct** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  | of sticks and stones and mud; without the employment of any tool | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |
| 2 | **employ** |  |  | any tool |  |  |  |  | nom employment «state transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is excavated, rather than built, in the bed of the stream

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:242-animal-builders-beavers-dams-and-lodges:e1:o2:1
# text = It is excavated, rather than built, in the bed of the stream
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	excavated	excavate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	rather	rather	ADV	RB	ExtPos=CCONJ	7	cc	_	_
6	than	than	ADP	IN	_	5	fixed	_	_
7	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	stream	stream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **excavate** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn search-35.2 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Location |
| 2 | **build** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | in the bed of the stream | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in bed=Attribute |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is formed of ice deposited by the animals in winter

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:242-animal-builders-beavers-dams-and-lodges:e1:o3:1
# text = It is formed of ice deposited by the animals in winter
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	formed	form	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	deposited	deposit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **form** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  | of ice | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **deposit** | participle |  | ice *not said here* |  |  | winter | by the animals | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent by animal=Destination |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is erected with implements appropriated from human dwellings

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:242-animal-builders-beavers-dams-and-lodges:e1:o4:1
# text = It is erected with implements appropriated from human dwellings
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	erected	erect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	implements	implement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	appropriated	appropriate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	dwellings	dwelling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **erect** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  | with implements | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Product |
| 2 | **appropriate** | participle |  | implements *not said here* |  | human dwellings |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from dwelling=Source |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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