---
title: Identify the principal material employed by wasps in the constructio… — More builders: caddis cases, paper was… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal material employed by wasps in the construction of their nests. Exam question 2 of lesson 245 «More builders: caddis cases, paper wasps, moles, apes' beds and sand circles» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question a
---

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# Exam question 2 · More builders: caddis cases, paper wasps, moles, apes' bed…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal material employed by wasps in the construction of their nests.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, employ, construct · **To what, where:** principal material, construction, nests

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This is exam question 2 of lesson 245 «More builders: caddis cases, paper wasps, moles, apes' beds and sand circles» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/245-more-builders-caddis-cases-paper-wasps-moles-apes-beds-and-sand-circles/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:245-more-builders-caddis-cases-paper-wasps-moles-apes-beds-and-sand-circles:e2:1
# text = Identify the principal material employed by wasps in the construction of their nests.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	material	material	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	employed	employ	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	wasps	wasp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	construction	construction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	nests	nest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal material |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent material=Theme |
| 2 | **employ** | participle |  | the principal material *not said here* |  | the construction of wasps's nests |  | by wasps | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **construct** |  |  | wasps's nests |  |  |  |  | nom construction «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wood fibres masticated with saliva to form paper

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:245-more-builders-caddis-cases-paper-wasps-moles-apes-beds-and-sand-circles:e2:o1:1
# text = Wood fibres masticated with saliva to form paper
1	Wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	fibres	fibre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	masticated	masticate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	saliva	saliva	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	form	form	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **masticate** | participle |  | Wood fibres *not said here* |  |  |  | with saliva | vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **form** | to-infinitive |  | paper |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location paper=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mud collected from the margins of ponds and streams

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:245-more-builders-caddis-cases-paper-wasps-moles-apes-beds-and-sand-circles:e2:o2:1
# text = Mud collected from the margins of ponds and streams
1	Mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	collected	collect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	margins	margin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	ponds	pond	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	streams	stream	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **collect** | participle |  | Mud *not said here* |  | the margins of ponds and streams |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from margin=Source |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leaves joined together with spider silk

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:245-more-builders-caddis-cases-paper-wasps-moles-apes-beds-and-sand-circles:e2:o3:1
# text = Leaves joined together with spider silk
1	Leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	joined	join	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	together	together	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	spider	spider	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	silk	silk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **join** | participle |  | Leaves *not said here* |  |  |  | with spider silk; together *property* | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Patient with silk=Co-Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wax secreted in the manner of the honeybee

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:245-more-builders-caddis-cases-paper-wasps-moles-apes-beds-and-sand-circles:e2:o4:1
# text = Wax secreted in the manner of the honeybee
1	Wax	Wax	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	secreted	secrete	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	manner	manner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	honeybee	honeybee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **secrete** | past | Wax |  |  | the manner of the honeybee |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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