---
title: Identify the principal method by which antivenom is produced. — Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish,… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal method by which antivenom is produced. Exam question 2 of lesson 246 «Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish, scorpions and the platypus» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was
---

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# Exam question 2 · Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish, scorpions and the pl…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal method by which antivenom is produced.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, produce · **To what, where:** principal method, antivenom

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 246 «Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish, scorpions and the platypus» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus:e2:1
# text = Identify the principal method by which antivenom is produced.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	method	method	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	7	det	_	_
7	antivenom	antivenom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	produced	produce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal method |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent method=Theme |
| 2 | **produce** | present · passive |  | which antivenom |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dilution of venom in sea water

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus:e2:o1:1
# text = The dilution of venom in sea water
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dilution	dilution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	venom	venom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The administration of small doses of venom to horses and the collection of the resulting antibodies

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus:e2:o2:1
# text = The administration of small doses of venom to horses and the collection of the resulting antibodies
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	administration	administration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	doses	dose	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	venom	venom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	collection	collection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	resulting	result	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	amod	_	_
16	antibodies	antibody	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **result** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **administer** |  |  | small doses of venom to horses and the collection of the resulting antibodies |  |  |  |  | nom administration «act transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The boiling of venom extracted from snakes until all of its harmful properties are destroyed entirely

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus:e2:o3:1
# text = The boiling of venom extracted from snakes until all of its harmful properties are destroyed entirely
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	boiling	boiling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	venom	venom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	extracted	extract	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	snakes	snake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
8	until	until	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
12	harmful	harmful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	properties	property	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
14	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
16	entirely	entirely	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **extract** | participle |  | venom *not said here* |  |  | until all | from snakes | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent from snake=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **destroy** | present · passive |  | the boiling of venom |  |  |  | entirely *property* | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The extraction of juices from tropical plants

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus:e2:o4:1
# text = The extraction of juices from tropical plants
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	extraction	extraction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	juices	juice	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	tropical	tropical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **extract** |  |  | juices from tropical plants |  |  |  |  | nom extraction «process transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish,…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus/e1/)
- next →: [Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish,…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus/e3/)
- ↑ back to [Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish, scorpions and the platypus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/246-defences-venom-in-snakes-jellyfish-scorpions-and-the-platypus/)