--- title: Identify the principal source from which wild poison dart frogs obta… — Defences: poison, warning colours and… · tree and pragmatics description: Identify the principal source from which wild poison dart frogs obtain their toxins. Exam question 2 of lesson 247 «Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/e2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/) / [Defences: poison, warning colours and…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/) / e2 # Exam question 2 · Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics Identify the principal source from which wild poison dart frogs obtain their toxins. **Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, wild dart frogs · **What happens:** identify, obtain · **To what, where:** principal source, toxins This is exam question 2 of lesson 247 «Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/#e2). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics:e2:1 # text = Identify the principal source from which wild poison dart frogs obtain their toxins. 1 Identify identify VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 3 principal principal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 source source NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obj _ _ 5 from from ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 11 obl _ _ 7 wild wild ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 8 poison poison NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 compound _ _ 9 dart dart NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 compound _ _ 10 frogs frog NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 nsubj _ _ 11 obtain obtain VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 acl:relcl _ _ 12 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ _ 13 toxins toxin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 14 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal source | | | | | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent source=Theme | | 2 | **obtain** | present | wild dart frogs | frogs's toxins | | the principal source | | | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent toxin=Theme from which=Source | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1} The ants and mites which constitute their diet ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics:e2:o1:1 # text = The ants and mites which constitute their diet 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 ants ant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 3 and and CCONJ CC _ 4 cc _ _ 4 mites mite NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 conj _ _ 5 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 6 nsubj _ _ 6 constitute constitute VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 acl:relcl _ _ 7 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ _ 8 diet diet NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **constitute** | present | the ants and mites | mites's diet | | | | | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme diet=Pivot | ### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2} Their own production independent of diet ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics:e2:o2:1 # text = Their own production independent of diet 1 Their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 3 nmod:poss _ _ 2 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 production production NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 independent independent ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 diet diet NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **produce** | | Their *= they* | | | | | | nom production «act transitive»: poss=agent | ### Option 3 {#o3} The water of the streams wherein they dwell ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics:e2:o3:1 # text = The water of the streams wherein they dwell 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 3 of of ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 streams stream NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nmod _ _ 6 wherein wherein ADV WRB PronType=Int 8 advmod _ _ 7 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ _ 8 dwell dwell VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 acl:relcl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **dwell** | present | streams *= stream* | | | | | wherein *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ### Option 4 {#o4} Contact with poisonous plants upon which they rest ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics:e2:o4:1 # text = Contact with poisonous plants upon which they rest 1 Contact contact NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 2 with with ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 3 poisonous poisonous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 plants plant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 nmod _ _ 5 upon upon ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 8 obl _ _ 7 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ _ 8 rest rest VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 acl:relcl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **rest** | present | plants *= plant* | | | poisonous plants | | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon which=Location | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [Defences: poison, warning colours and…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/e1/) - next →: [Defences: poison, warning colours and…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/e3/) - ↑ back to [Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/)