---
title: Ascertain the reason for which cane toads were introduced into Austr… — Defences: poison, warning colours and… · tree and pragmatics
description: Ascertain the reason for which cane toads were introduced into Australia in 1935. Exam question 4 of lesson 247 «Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was
---

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# Exam question 4 · Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ascertain the reason for which cane toads were introduced into Australia in 1935.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** ascertain, introduce · **To what, where:** reason, cane toads, Australia

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 247 «Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics:e4:1
# text = Ascertain the reason for which cane toads were introduced into Australia in 1935.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	obl	_	_
6	cane	cane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	toads	toad	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	introduced	introduce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	parataxis	_	_
10	into	into	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	1935	1935	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the reason |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic |
| 2 | **introduce** | past · passive |  | cane toads |  | Australia |  | for the reason; in 1935 | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The supply of pets to households

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics:e4:o1:1
# text = The supply of pets to households
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	supply	supply	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	pets	pet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	households	household	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The control of beetles in the sugar cane fields

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics:e4:o2:1
# text = The control of beetles in the sugar cane fields
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	control	control	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	beetles	beetle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	cane	cane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	fields	field	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The provision of food for the population

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics:e4:o3:1
# text = The provision of food for the population
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	provision	provision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	population	population	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **provide** |  | food |  |  |  |  | for the population | nom provision «communication intransitive»: of=agent for=obl |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The purification of rivers

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics:e4:o4:1
# text = The purification of rivers
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	purification	purification	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **purify** |  |  | rivers |  |  |  |  | nom purification «act transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Defences: poison, warning colours and…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/e3/)
- next →: [Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehog…, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour/t1/)
- ↑ back to [Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/)