---
title: «Sonic rolls into a ball and smashes stuff, real hedgehogs do that r… — Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehog… · tree and pragmatics
description: «Sonic rolls into a ball and smashes stuff, real hedgehogs do that right» What is right? Test 4 of lesson 248 «Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehogs and armour» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice
---

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# Test 4 · Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehogs and armour

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Sonic rolls into a ball and smashes stuff, real hedgehogs do that right» What is right?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Sonic, real hedgehogs · **What happens:** roll, smash, do, be · **To what, where:** ball, stuff, right

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 4 of lesson 248 «Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehogs and armour» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour/#t4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour:t4:1
# text = «Sonic rolls into a ball and smashes stuff, real hedgehogs do that right» What is right?
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sonic	Sonic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rolls	roll	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	smashes	smash	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	stuff	stuff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	hedgehogs	hedgehog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
13	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	15	nsubj	_	_
15	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	_
17	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	19	nsubj	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
19	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **roll** *in a quote* | present | Sonic |  |  | a ball |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into ball=Destination |
| 2 | **smash** *in a quote* | present | Sonic *not said here* | stuff |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stuff=Theme |
| 3 | **do** *in a quote* | present | real hedgehogs | right |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent right=Eventuality |
| 4 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, they roll at their enemies at high speed, like spiky bowling balls

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour:t4:o1:1
# text = Yes, they roll at their enemies at high speed, like spiky bowling balls
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	roll	roll	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	enemies	enemy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	speed	speed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	spiky	spiky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
14	bowling	bowling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	balls	ball	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **roll** | present | they |  |  | their enemies |  | at high speed; like spiky bowling balls | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Theme at enemy=Source at speed=Trajectory |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, they smash rocks by rolling

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour:t4:o2:1
# text = Yes, they smash rocks by rolling
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	smash	smash	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	rolling	roll	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smash** | present | they | rocks |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rock=Theme |
| 2 | **roll** | gerund | they *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, hedgehogs cannot roll up

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour:t4:o3:1
# text = No, hedgehogs cannot roll up
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	hedgehogs	hedgehog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	roll	roll	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **roll up** | can | hedgehogs |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They roll into a ball to protect themselves, not to attack

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour:t4:o4:1
# text = They roll into a ball to protect themselves, not to attack
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	roll	roll	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	into	into	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	protect	protect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
8	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	attack	attack	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **roll** | present | They |  |  | a ball |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into ball=Destination |
| 2 | **protect** | to-infinitive | They *not said here* | themselves *= they* |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Beneficiary |
| 3 | **not** **attack** | to-infinitive | They *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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