---
title: Identify the principal source of the carbon which constitutes the gr… — Plants deeper: leaves and sunlight, ho… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal source of the carbon which constitutes the greater part of the dry mass of a tree. Exam question 1 of lesson 251 «Plants deeper: leaves and sunlight, how a tree is made of air» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the quest
---

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# Exam question 1 · Plants deeper: leaves and sunlight, how a tree is made of…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal source of the carbon which constitutes the greater part of the dry mass of a tree.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, carbon · **What happens:** identify, constitute · **To what, where:** principal source, greater part

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This is exam question 1 of lesson 251 «Plants deeper: leaves and sunlight, how a tree is made of air» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/251-plants-deeper-leaves-and-sunlight-how-a-tree-is-made-of-air/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:251-plants-deeper-leaves-and-sunlight-how-a-tree-is-made-of-air:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal source of the carbon which constitutes the greater part of the dry mass of a tree.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	source	source	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	carbon	carbon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	constitutes	constitute	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	greater	great	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	12	amod	_	_
12	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	mass	mass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal source of the carbon |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent source=Theme |
| 2 | **constitute** | present | the carbon | the greater part of the dry mass of a tree |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme part=Pivot |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Organic matter derived from fallen leaves

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:251-plants-deeper-leaves-and-sunlight-how-a-tree-is-made-of-air:e1:o1:1
# text = Organic matter derived from fallen leaves
1	Organic	organic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	matter	matter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	derived	derive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	fallen	fall	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **derive** | past | Organic matter |  |  | fallen leaves |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent from leaf=Material |
| 2 | **fall** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mineral matter extracted from the soil by the roots

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:251-plants-deeper-leaves-and-sunlight-how-a-tree-is-made-of-air:e1:o2:1
# text = Mineral matter extracted from the soil by the roots
1	Mineral	mineral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	matter	matter	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	extracted	extract	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	roots	root	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **extract** | present · passive | the roots | Mineral |  | the soil |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme from soil=Initial\_Location |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Carbon dioxide absorbed from the atmosphere

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:251-plants-deeper-leaves-and-sunlight-how-a-tree-is-made-of-air:e1:o3:1
# text = Carbon dioxide absorbed from the atmosphere
1	Carbon	carbon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	dioxide	dioxide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	absorbed	absorb	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	atmosphere	atmosphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **absorb** | participle |  | Carbon dioxide *not said here* |  | the atmosphere |  |  | vn learn-14-2 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent from atmosphere=Source |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Water drawn up through the roots

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:251-plants-deeper-leaves-and-sunlight-how-a-tree-is-made-of-air:e1:o4:1
# text = Water drawn up through the roots
1	Water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	drawn	draw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	through	through	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	roots	root	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw up** | participle |  | Water *not said here* |  | the roots |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ↑ back to [Plants deeper: leaves and sunlight, how a tree is made of air](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/251-plants-deeper-leaves-and-sunlight-how-a-tree-is-made-of-air/)