---
title: «autumn's here so the tree paints its leaves yellow, cool» What is a… — Plants deeper: leaves and sunlight, ho… · tree and pragmatics
description: «autumn's here so the tree paints its leaves yellow, cool» What is a better way to say it? Test 5 of lesson 251 «Plants deeper: leaves and sunlight, how a tree is made of air» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; 
---

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# Test 5 · Plants deeper: leaves and sunlight, how a tree is made of…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«autumn's here so the tree paints its leaves yellow, cool» What is a better way to say it?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** tree · **What happens:** paint, be, say · **To what, where:** leaves, better way, tree · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 5 of lesson 251 «Plants deeper: leaves and sunlight, how a tree is made of air» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/251-plants-deeper-leaves-and-sunlight-how-a-tree-is-made-of-air/#t5).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:251-plants-deeper-leaves-and-sunlight-how-a-tree-is-made-of-air:t5:1
# text = «autumn's here so the tree paints its leaves yellow, cool» What is a better way to say it?
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	autumn	autumn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	0	root	_	_
5	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	paints	paint	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	cool	cool	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
15	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	19	nsubj	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	19	amod	_	_
19	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	acl	_	_
22	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **paint** *in a quote* | present | the tree | tree's leaves |  |  |  | yellow *property* | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent leaf=Destination |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | a better way |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive |  | tree |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The yellow comes from the sun burning the leaves

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:251-plants-deeper-leaves-and-sunlight-how-a-tree-is-made-of-air:t5:o1:1
# text = The yellow comes from the sun burning the leaves
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	nsubj	_	_
3	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | the yellow |  |  | the sun |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from sun=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **burn** | gerund | the yellow *not said here* | the leaves |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent leaf=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The frost colours the leaves overnight

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:251-plants-deeper-leaves-and-sunlight-how-a-tree-is-made-of-air:t5:o2:1
# text = The frost colours the leaves overnight
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	frost	frost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	colours	colour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	overnight	overnight	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The tree makes yellow paint out of the soil and sends it up

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:251-plants-deeper-leaves-and-sunlight-how-a-tree-is-made-of-air:t5:o3:1
# text = The tree makes yellow paint out of the soil and sends it up
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	paint	paint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	out	out	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	sends	send	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	up	up	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | the tree | yellow paint |  | the soil |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset paint=Product |
| 2 | **send up** | present | the tree *not said here* | paint |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The yellow was there all summer, hidden under the green

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:251-plants-deeper-leaves-and-sunlight-how-a-tree-is-made-of-air:t5:o4:1
# text = The yellow was there all summer, hidden under the green
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	yellow	yellow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	0	root	_	_
5	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	hidden	hide	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
9	under	under	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	green	green	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the yellow |  |  |  | summer | there *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **hide** | participle | the yellow *not said here* |  |  | the green |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent under green=Location |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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