---
title: Identify the principal reason for which antibiotics are not prescrib… — The microscopic world: bacteria, good… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which antibiotics are not prescribed for the common cold. Exam question 1 of lesson 257 «The microscopic world: bacteria, good and bad» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's
---

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# Exam question 1 · The microscopic world: bacteria, good and bad

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which antibiotics are not prescribed for the common cold.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, not prescribe · **To what, where:** principal reason, antibiotics

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 257 «The microscopic world: bacteria, good and bad» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which antibiotics are not prescribed for the common cold.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	obl	_	_
7	antibiotics	antibiotic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	prescribed	prescribe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl:relcl	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **prescribe** | present · passive |  | antibiotics |  |  |  | for the principal reason; for the common cold | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Antibiotics are effective only during the summer months

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad:e1:o1:1
# text = Antibiotics are effective only during the summer months
1	Antibiotics	antibiotic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	effective	effective	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
5	during	during	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	months	month	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Antibiotics |  |  |  | month | effective *property* | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The common cold is caused by an excess of bacteria in the gut, which antibiotics remove

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad:e1:o2:1
# text = The common cold is caused by an excess of bacteria in the gut, which antibiotics remove
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	excess	excess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	bacteria	bacterium	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	gut	gut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	obj	_	_
16	antibiotics	antibiotic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	_
17	remove	remove	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | present · passive | a excess of bacteria in the gut | the common cold |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient |
| 2 | **remove** | present | antibiotics | a excess of bacteria in the gut |  |  |  |  | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Antibiotics render the patient permanently susceptible to colds

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad:e1:o3:1
# text = Antibiotics render the patient permanently susceptible to colds
1	Antibiotics	antibiotic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	render	render	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	patient	patient	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	permanently	permanently	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	susceptible	susceptible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	colds	cold	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **render** | present | Antibiotics | the patient |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent patient=Theme |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The common cold is caused by viruses, against which antibiotics are without effect

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad:e1:o4:1
# text = The common cold is caused by viruses, against which antibiotics are without effect
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	viruses	virus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
9	against	against	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	obl	_	_
11	antibiotics	antibiotic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
12	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
13	without	without	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	effect	effect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | present · passive | viruses and effect | the common cold |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present | antibiotics |  |  |  |  | without effect; against viruses and effect | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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