---
title: «my mate says a virus is just a really tiny bacteria» What is right? — The microscopic world: viruses and vac… · tree and pragmatics
description: «my mate says a virus is just a really tiny bacteria» What is right? Test 1 of lesson 258 «The microscopic world: viruses and vaccines» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 1 · The microscopic world: viruses and vaccines

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«my mate says a virus is just a really tiny bacteria» What is right?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** mate, virus · **What happens:** say, be · **To what, where:** tiny bacteria · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 1 of lesson 258 «The microscopic world: viruses and vaccines» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines/#t1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines:t1:1
# text = «my mate says a virus is just a really tiny bacteria» What is right?
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	mate	mate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	virus	virus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
8	just	just	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	really	really	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	bacteria	bacteria	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	_
14	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	16	nsubj	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
16	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | present | my mate |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | a virus | a tiny bacteria |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, a virus is much smaller and cannot copy itself without a cell

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines:t1:o1:1
# text = No, a virus is much smaller and cannot copy itself without a cell
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	virus	virus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	much	much	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	copy	copy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
12	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	11	obj	_	_
13	without	without	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	cell	cell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a virus |  |  |  |  | small *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **copy** | can | a virus *not said here* | virus |  |  |  | without a cell | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent itself=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, they are exactly the same thing

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines:t1:o2:1
# text = Yes, they are exactly the same thing
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	8	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
5	exactly	exactly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | they | the same thing |  |  |  | exactly *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, it is just a baby bacterium that has not grown up yet, but will

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines:t1:o3:1
# text = Yes, it is just a baby bacterium that has not grown up yet, but will
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	8	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
5	just	just	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	bacterium	bacterium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
10	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	acl:relcl	_	_
13	up	up	ADP	RP	_	12	compound:prt	_	_
14	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | it | a baby bacterium |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **grow up** | present · perfect | a baby bacterium |  |  |  | yet |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, a virus is a kind of tiny insect

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines:t1:o4:1
# text = No, a virus is a kind of tiny insect
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	virus	virus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	insect	insect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a virus | a kind |  |  |  | of tiny insect | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [The microscopic world: bacteria, good…, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/257-the-microscopic-world-bacteria-good-and-bad/e4/)
- next →: [The microscopic world: viruses and vac…, test 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines/t2/)
- ↑ back to [The microscopic world: viruses and vaccines](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines/)