--- title: Can a virus ever help as a medicine? — The microscopic world: viruses and vac… · tree and pragmatics description: Can a virus ever help as a medicine? Test 10 of lesson 258 «The microscopic world: viruses and vaccines» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines/t10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/) / [The microscopic world: viruses and vac…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines/) / t10 # Test 10 · The microscopic world: viruses and vaccines Can a virus ever help as a medicine? **Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** virus · **What happens:** help This is test 10 of lesson 258 «The microscopic world: viruses and vaccines» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines/#t10). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines:t10:1 # text = Can a virus ever help as a medicine? 1 Can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 5 aux _ _ 2 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 virus virus NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 4 ever ever ADV RB PronType=Ind 5 advmod _ _ 5 help help VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 as as ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 medicine medicine NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 9 ? ? PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **help** | can | a virus | | | | ever | as a medicine | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1} Yes, phages that attack bacteria are sometimes used when antibiotics fail ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines:t10:o1:1 # text = Yes, phages that attack bacteria are sometimes used when antibiotics fail 1 Yes yes INTJ UH Polarity=Pos 9 discourse _ SpaceAfter=No 2 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 3 phages phage NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nsubj:pass _ _ 4 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 5 nsubj _ _ 5 attack attack VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 acl:relcl _ _ 6 bacteria bacterium NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obj _ _ 7 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 aux:pass _ _ 8 sometimes sometimes ADV RB PronType=Ind 9 advmod _ _ 9 used use VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 10 when when SCONJ WRB _ 12 mark _ _ 11 antibiotics antibiotic NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 nsubj _ _ 12 fail fail VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 advcl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **attack** | present | phages | bacteria | | | | | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bacterium=Patient | | 2 | **use** | present · passive | | phages | | | | sometimes *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | | 3 | **fail** | present | antibiotics | | | | | | vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ### Option 2 {#o2} No, viruses cannot touch bacteria ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines:t10:o2:1 # text = No, viruses cannot touch bacteria 1 No no INTJ UH Polarity=Neg 6 discourse _ SpaceAfter=No 2 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 3 viruses virus NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ _ 4 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 6 aux _ SpaceAfter=No 5 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 6 advmod _ _ 6 touch touch VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 7 bacteria bacterium NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **not** **touch** | can | viruses | bacteria | | | | | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme bacterium=Co-Theme | ### Option 3 {#o3} Yes, the cold virus cures headaches ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines:t10:o3:1 # text = Yes, the cold virus cures headaches 1 Yes yes INTJ UH Polarity=Pos 6 discourse _ SpaceAfter=No 2 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 cold cold ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 virus virus NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 6 cures cure VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 headaches headache NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **cure** | present | the cold virus | headaches | | | | | vn free-10.6.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Causer headache=Source | ### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4} No, every single virus is always harmful to every living thing on Earth ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines:t10:o4:1 # text = No, every single virus is always harmful to every living thing on Earth 1 No no INTJ UH Polarity=Neg 8 discourse _ SpaceAfter=No 2 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 3 every every DET DT PronType=Tot 5 det _ _ 4 single single ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 virus virus NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _ 6 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 cop _ _ 7 always always ADV RB PronType=Tot 8 advmod _ _ 8 harmful harmful ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 9 to to ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 10 every every DET DT PronType=Tot 12 det _ _ 11 living living NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 compound _ _ 12 thing thing NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obl _ _ 13 on on ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 Earth Earth PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 nmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | every single virus | | | | | to every living thing on Earth; always, harmful *property* | tree rules | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [The microscopic world: viruses and vac…, test 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines/t9/) - next →: [The microscopic world: viruses and vac…, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines/t11/) - ↑ back to [The microscopic world: viruses and vaccines](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines/)