--- title: Identify the principal grounds upon which whales are classified as m… — Whales · tree and pragmatics description: Identify the principal grounds upon which whales are classified as mammals rather than fish. Exam question 2 of lesson 26 «Whales» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/26-whales/e2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/) / [Whales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/26-whales/) / e2 # Exam question 2 · Whales Identify the principal grounds upon which whales are classified as mammals rather than fish. **Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, classify · **To what, where:** principal grounds, whales This is exam question 2 of lesson 26 «Whales» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/26-whales/#e2). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:26-whales:e2:1 # text = Identify the principal grounds upon which whales are classified as mammals rather than fish. 1 Identify identify VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 3 principal principal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 grounds grounds NOUN NNS Number=Ptan 1 obj _ _ 5 upon upon SCONJ IN _ 9 mark _ _ 6 which which DET WDT PronType=Int 7 det _ _ 7 whales whale NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nsubj:pass _ _ 8 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 aux:pass _ _ 9 classified classify VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 1 advcl _ _ 10 as as ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 mammals mammal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obl _ _ 12 rather rather ADV RB ExtPos=CCONJ 14 cc _ _ 13 than than ADP IN _ 12 fixed _ _ 14 fish fish NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 15 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal grounds | | | | | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent grounds=Theme | | 2 | **classify** | present · passive | | which whales | | | | as mammals rather fish | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Theme as mammal=Attribute | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 {#o1} They possess fins and inhabit the sea ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:26-whales:e2:o1:1 # text = They possess fins and inhabit the sea 1 They they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 possess possess VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 fins fin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 4 and and CCONJ CC _ 5 cc _ _ 5 inhabit inhabit VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 conj _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **possess** | present | They | fins | | | | | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot fin=Theme | | 2 | **inhabit** | infinitive | They *not said here* | the sea | | | | | tree rules | ### Option 2 {#o2} They respire by means of gills ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:26-whales:e2:o2:1 # text = They respire by means of gills 1 They they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 respire respire VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 by by ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 ccomp _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 gills gill NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **respire** | present | They | | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **mean** | present | They *not said here* | | | | | of gills | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | ### Option 3 {#o3} They deposit eggs upon the seabed ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:26-whales:e2:o3:1 # text = They deposit eggs upon the seabed 1 They they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 deposit deposit VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 eggs egg NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 4 upon upon ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 seabed seabed NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **deposit** | present | They | eggs | | the seabed | | | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent egg=Theme upon seabed=Destination | ### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4} They respire air, are warm-blooded and suckle their young ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:26-whales:e2:o4:1 # text = They respire air, are warm-blooded and suckle their young 1 They they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 respire respire VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 4 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 5 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 cop _ _ 6 warm warm ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ SpaceAfter=No 7 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 6 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 8 blooded blooded ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 conj _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 10 suckle suckle VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 11 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ _ 12 young young NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **respire** | present | They | air | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **is** | present | They *not said here* | | | | | blooded *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **suckle** | present | They *not said here* | their young | | | | | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent young=Recipient | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [Whales, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/26-whales/e1/) - next →: [Whales, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/26-whales/e3/) - ↑ back to [Whales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/26-whales/)