---
title: Why might an old orca grandmother be so useful to her family? — Whales · tree and pragmatics
description: Why might an old orca grandmother be so useful to her family? Test 10 · ★★ of lesson 26 «Whales» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 10 · ★★ · Whales

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why might an old orca grandmother be so useful to her family?

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**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** old orca grandmother · **What happens:** be

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This is test 10 · ★★ of lesson 26 «Whales» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/26-whales/#t10).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:26-whales:t10:1
# text = Why might an old orca grandmother be so useful to her family?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
2	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	orca	orca	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	grandmother	grandmother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	useful	useful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | might | a old orca grandmother |  |  |  |  | to her family; useful *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She remembers where to find food in hard times

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:26-whales:t10:o1:1
# text = She remembers where to find food in hard times
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	remembers	remember	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	5	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
6	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remember** | present | She |  |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **find** | to-infinitive | She *not said here* | food |  |  | time |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Topic |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She keeps all the young calves warm with her thick blubber

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:26-whales:t10:o2:1
# text = She keeps all the young calves warm with her thick blubber
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	6	det:predet	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	calves	calf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	warm	warm	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
10	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	blubber	blubber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present | She |  |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **warm** | present | all young calves |  |  |  |  | with her thick blubber | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with blubber=Instrument |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She is the only one who can sing

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:26-whales:t10:o3:1
# text = She is the only one who can sing
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	only	only	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	sing	sing	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | She | the only one |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sing** *speech: express* | can | the only one |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She is the fastest swimmer

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:26-whales:t10:o4:1
# text = She is the fastest swimmer
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	fastest	fast	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	swimmer	swimmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | She | the fastest swimmer |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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