---
title: Identify the principal advantage conferred by a reflex action upon t… — The human body deeper: the brain and n… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal advantage conferred by a reflex action upon the withdrawal of the hand from a hot object. Exam question 1 of lesson 260 «The human body deeper: the brain and nerves» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of 
---

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# Exam question 1 · The human body deeper: the brain and nerves

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal advantage conferred by a reflex action upon the withdrawal of the hand from a hot object.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, confer, withdraw · **To what, where:** principal advantage, hot object, hand

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 260 «The human body deeper: the brain and nerves» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/260-human-body-deeper-the-brain-and-nerves/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:260-human-body-deeper-the-brain-and-nerves:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal advantage conferred by a reflex action upon the withdrawal of the hand from a hot object.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	advantage	advantage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	conferred	confer	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	reflex	reflex	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	action	action	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	withdrawal	withdrawal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	from	from	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	object	object	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal advantage |  | a hot object |  | upon the withdrawal of the hand | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent advantage=Theme |
| 2 | **confer** | participle |  | the principal advantage *not said here* |  |  |  | by a reflex action | vn chit\_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **withdraw** |  |  | the hand |  |  |  |  | nom withdrawal «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The order to withdraw is issued by the spinal cord without awaiting the brain, whereby time is saved

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:260-human-body-deeper-the-brain-and-nerves:e1:o1:1
# text = The order to withdraw is issued by the spinal cord without awaiting the brain, whereby time is saved
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	withdraw	withdraw	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	acl	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	issued	issue	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	spinal	spinal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	cord	cord	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
11	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	awaiting	await	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	brain	brain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	whereby	whereby	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	19	advmod	_	_
17	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	saved	save	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **withdraw** | to-infinitive | the spinal cord *not said here* | the order *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **issue** | present · passive | the spinal cord | the order |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location subject=Theme |
| 3 | **await** | gerund | the spinal cord *not said here* | the brain |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **save** | present · passive |  | time |  |  |  | whereby *property* | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The eyes direct the hand without the involvement of nerves, observing the heat and commanding the muscles directly

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:260-human-body-deeper-the-brain-and-nerves:e1:o2:1
# text = The eyes direct the hand without the involvement of nerves, observing the heat and commanding the muscles directly
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	direct	direct	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	without	without	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	involvement	involvement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	nerves	nerve	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	observing	observe	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	commanding	command	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	conj	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	muscles	muscle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
19	directly	directly	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **direct** | present | the eyes | the hand |  |  |  | without the involvement of nerves | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.predicate»: agent=Agent hand=Eventuality |
| 2 | **observe** | gerund | the eyes *not said here* | the heat |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent heat=Topic |
| 3 | **command** | gerund | the eyes *not said here* | the muscles |  |  |  | directly *property* | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.predicate»: agent=Agent muscle=Eventuality |
| 4 | **involve** |  |  | nerves |  |  |  |  | nom involvement «act transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hand possesses an independent capacity for thought

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:260-human-body-deeper-the-brain-and-nerves:e1:o3:1
# text = The hand possesses an independent capacity for thought
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	possesses	possess	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	independent	independent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	capacity	capacity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	thought	thought	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **possess** | present | the hand | a independent capacity |  |  |  | for thought | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot capacity=Theme |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sensation of pain arrives prior to any movement

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:260-human-body-deeper-the-brain-and-nerves:e1:o4:1
# text = The sensation of pain arrives prior to any movement
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sensation	sensation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	arrives	arrive	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	prior	prior	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	9	case	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	fixed	_	_
8	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	9	det	_	_
9	movement	movement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arrive** | present | the sensation of pain |  |  |  |  | prior any movement | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **sense** |  |  | pain |  |  |  |  | nom sensation «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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