---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — The human body deeper: the heart and b… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the relationship between the size of an animal and the rate of its heartbeat? Exam question 4 of lesson 261 «The human body deeper: the heart and blood in amazing numbers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the depende
---

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# Exam question 4 · The human body deeper: the heart and blood in amazing numb…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the relationship between the size of an animal and the rate of its heartbeat?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** relationship

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This is exam question 4 of lesson 261 «The human body deeper: the heart and blood in amazing numbers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/261-human-body-deeper-heart-and-blood/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:261-human-body-deeper-heart-and-blood:e4:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the relationship between the size of an animal and the rate of its heartbeat?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	relationship	relationship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	between	between	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	rate	rate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	heartbeat	heartbeat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the relationship and the rate of rate's heartbeat |  |  |  | of the following statements; between the size of a animal; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rate of heartbeat is determined solely by colour

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:261-human-body-deeper-heart-and-blood:e4:o1:1
# text = The rate of heartbeat is determined solely by colour
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rate	rate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	heartbeat	heartbeat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	determined	determine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	solely	solely	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **determine** | present · passive | colour | the rate of heartbeat |  |  |  | solely *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Topic |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Smaller animals generally possess faster heartbeats, and larger animals slower ones

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:261-human-body-deeper-heart-and-blood:e4:o2:1
# text = Smaller animals generally possess faster heartbeats, and larger animals slower ones
1	Smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	amod	_	_
2	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	generally	generally	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	possess	possess	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	faster	fast	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
6	heartbeats	heartbeat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	larger	large	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	10	amod	_	_
10	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
11	slower	slow	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	12	amod	_	_
12	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **possess** | present | Smaller animals | faster heartbeats |  |  |  | generally *property* | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot heartbeat=Theme |
| 2 | **one** |  | larger animals |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
All animals possess an identical rate of heartbeat

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:261-human-body-deeper-heart-and-blood:e4:o3:1
# text = All animals possess an identical rate of heartbeat
1	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	possess	possess	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	identical	identical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	rate	rate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	heartbeat	heartbeat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **possess** | present | all animals | a identical rate of heartbeat |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot rate=Theme |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Larger animals invariably possess faster heartbeats, their hearts being larger and stronger

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:261-human-body-deeper-heart-and-blood:e4:o4:1
# text = Larger animals invariably possess faster heartbeats, their hearts being larger and stronger
1	Larger	large	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	amod	_	_
2	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	invariably	invariably	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	possess	possess	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	faster	fast	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
6	heartbeats	heartbeat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	hearts	heart	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
10	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	cop	_	_
11	larger	large	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	conj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	stronger	strong	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	11	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **possess** | present | Larger animals | faster heartbeats |  |  |  | invariably *property* | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot heartbeat=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | gerund | animals's hearts |  |  |  |  | large *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | animals's hearts *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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