---
title: Ascertain the cause of the slight difference in a person's height be… — The human body deeper: bones, muscles… · tree and pragmatics
description: Ascertain the cause of the slight difference in a person's height between morning and evening. Exam question 4 of lesson 263 «The human body deeper: bones, muscles and skin» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mo
---

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# Exam question 4 · The human body deeper: bones, muscles and skin

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ascertain the cause of the slight difference in a person's height between morning and evening.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** ascertain, cause · **To what, where:** cause, slight difference

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 263 «The human body deeper: bones, muscles and skin» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/263-human-body-deeper-bones-muscles-and-skin/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:263-human-body-deeper-bones-muscles-and-skin:e4:1
# text = Ascertain the cause of the slight difference in a person's height between morning and evening.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	cause	cause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	slight	slight	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	difference	difference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	's	's	PART	POS	_	10	case	_	_
12	height	height	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
13	between	between	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	evening	evening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the cause of the slight difference in a person's height between morning and evening |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cause=Topic |
| 2 | **cause** |  |  | the slight difference in a person's height between morning and evening |  |  |  |  | nom cause «event transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The compression during the day of the discs between the bones of the spine

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:263-human-body-deeper-bones-muscles-and-skin:e4:o1:1
# text = The compression during the day of the discs between the bones of the spine
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	compression	compression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	during	during	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	discs	disc	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	between	between	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	spine	spine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The drying of the skin over the course of the day

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:263-human-body-deeper-bones-muscles-and-skin:e4:o2:1
# text = The drying of the skin over the course of the day
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	drying	drying	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	over	over	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	course	course	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shrinking of the skull in the evening

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:263-human-body-deeper-bones-muscles-and-skin:e4:o3:1
# text = The shrinking of the skull in the evening
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shrinking	shrinking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	skull	skull	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	evening	evening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shrink** |  |  | the skull |  |  | in the evening |  | nom shrinking «event transitive»: of=patient in=obl |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The growth of the legs during sleep, which is then reversed during the hours of the day

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:263-human-body-deeper-bones-muscles-and-skin:e4:o4:1
# text = The growth of the legs during sleep, which is then reversed during the hours of the day
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	growth	growth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	during	during	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	sleep	sleep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
11	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	12	advmod	_	_
12	reversed	reverse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
13	during	during	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reverse** | present · passive |  | the growth of the legs during sleep |  |  | then; hour |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **grow** |  | the legs during sleep |  |  |  |  |  | nom growth «process intransitive»: of=agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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