---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — How scientists find out: naturalists,… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the significance of the observations of Jane Goodall at Gombe? Exam question 3 of lesson 264 «How scientists find out: naturalists, Darwin, the microscope and wildlife filming» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the de
---

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# Exam question 3 · How scientists find out: naturalists, Darwin, the microsco…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the significance of the observations of Jane Goodall at Gombe?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, observe · **To what, where:** significance, Jane Goodall

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 264 «How scientists find out: naturalists, Darwin, the microscope and wildlife filming» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming:e3:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the significance of the observations of Jane Goodall at Gombe?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	significance	significance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	observations	observation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	Jane	Jane	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	Goodall	Goodall	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
17	at	at	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Gombe	Gombe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the significance of the observations of Jane Goodall at Gombe |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **observe** |  |  | Jane Goodall at Gombe |  |  |  |  | nom observation «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was established that chimpanzees subsist exclusively upon fruit

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming:e3:o1:1
# text = It was established that chimpanzees subsist exclusively upon fruit
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	chimpanzees	chimpanzee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	subsist	subsist	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
7	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **establish** | past · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **subsist** | present | chimpanzees |  |  |  |  | upon fruit; exclusively *property* | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was established that chimpanzees are incapable of learning

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming:e3:o2:1
# text = It was established that chimpanzees are incapable of learning
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	chimpanzees	chimpanzee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	incapable	incapable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	learning	learning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **establish** | past · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present | chimpanzees |  |  |  |  | of learning; incapable *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was established that chimpanzees construct dwellings of timber

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming:e3:o3:1
# text = It was established that chimpanzees construct dwellings of timber
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	chimpanzees	chimpanzee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	construct	construct	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
7	dwellings	dwelling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	timber	timber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **establish** | past · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **construct** | present | chimpanzees | dwellings of timber |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dwelling=Result |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was established that chimpanzees fashion and employ tools, a capacity formerly attributed solely to humans

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming:e3:o4:1
# text = It was established that chimpanzees fashion and employ tools, a capacity formerly attributed solely to humans
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	chimpanzees	chimpanzee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	fashion	fashion	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	employ	employ	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
9	tools	tool	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	capacity	capacity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	formerly	formerly	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	attributed	attribute	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
15	solely	solely	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	humans	human	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **establish** | past · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **fashion** | present | chimpanzees |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **employ** | present | chimpanzees *not said here* | tools |  |  |  |  | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tool=Theme |
| 4 | **attribute** | participle · passive |  | a capacity |  |  |  | to humans; formerly, solely *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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