---
title: In a cartoon, animals talk and wear clothes, like Tom and Jerry or a… — How scientists find out: naturalists,… · tree and pragmatics
description: In a cartoon, animals talk and wear clothes, like Tom and Jerry or a talking lion. How do real scientists find out how animals behave? Test 1 of lesson 264 «How scientists find out: naturalists, Darwin, the microscope and wildlife filming» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dep
---

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# Test 1 · How scientists find out: naturalists, Darwin, the microsco…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a cartoon, animals talk and wear clothes, like Tom and Jerry or a talking lion. How do real scientists find out how animals behave?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** animals, real scientists · **What happens:** talk, wear, find out, behave · **To what, where:** cartoon, clothes

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 1 of lesson 264 «How scientists find out: naturalists, Darwin, the microscope and wildlife filming» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming/#t1).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* In a cartoon, animals talk and wear clothes, like Tom and Jerry or a talking lion.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming:t1:1
# text = In a cartoon, animals talk and wear clothes, like Tom and Jerry or a talking lion.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	talk	talk	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	wear	wear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
9	clothes	clothes	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Tom	Tom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	Jerry	Jerry	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	talking	talking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **talk** | present | animals |  |  | a cartoon |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **wear** | present | animals *not said here* | clothes |  |  |  | like Tom and Jerry or a talking lion | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent clothes=Source |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* How do real scientists find out how animals behave?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming:t1:2
# text = How do real scientists find out how animals behave?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	find	find	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	out	out	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
8	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	behave	behave	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find out** | present · do-support | real scientists |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **behave** | present | animals |  |  |  |  |  | vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By asking the animals questions

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming:t1:o1:1
# text = By asking the animals questions
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	asking	ask	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	compound	_	_
5	questions	question	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | gerund |  | animals questions |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent question=Recipient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By dressing up as animals

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming:t1:o2:1
# text = By dressing up as animals
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	dressing	dress	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	as	as	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dress up** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | as animals | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By watching and recording quietly, often for a very long time

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming:t1:o3:1
# text = By watching and recording quietly, often for a very long time
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	watching	watch	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	recording	record	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
5	quietly	quietly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	often	often	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	very	very	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **watch** | gerund |  |  |  |  | time | often *property* | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **record** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | quietly *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By reading cartoon scripts

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming:t1:o4:1
# text = By reading cartoon scripts
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	reading	read	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	scripts	script	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | gerund |  | cartoon scripts |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent script=Topic |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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