---
title: «a film showed lemmings jumping off cliffs so they do it, it's on tv… — How scientists find out: naturalists,… · tree and pragmatics
description: «a film showed lemmings jumping off cliffs so they do it, it's on tv» What is right? Test 7 of lesson 264 «How scientists find out: naturalists, Darwin, the microscope and wildlife filming» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of
---

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# Test 7 · How scientists find out: naturalists, Darwin, the microsco…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«a film showed lemmings jumping off cliffs so they do it, it's on tv» What is right?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** film, lemmings, tv · **What happens:** show, jump off, do, be · **To what, where:** lemmings, cliffs, film, tv

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 7 of lesson 264 «How scientists find out: naturalists, Darwin, the microscope and wildlife filming» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming/#t7).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming:t7:1
# text = «a film showed lemmings jumping off cliffs so they do it, it's on tv» What is right?
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	lemmings	lemming	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	jumping	jump	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
7	off	off	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	cliffs	cliff	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
9	so	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
10	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
16	on	on	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	tv	TV	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	_
19	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	21	nsubj	_	_
20	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
21	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** *in a quote* | past | a film | lemmings |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent lemming=Recipient |
| 2 | **jump off** *in a quote* | gerund | lemmings *not said here* | cliffs |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **do** *in a quote* | present | lemmings *= lemming* | film |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality |
| 4 | **is** *in a quote* | present | film |  |  | tv |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **is** | present | tv |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, lemmings live only in zoos

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming:t7:o1:1
# text = No, lemmings live only in zoos
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	lemmings	lemming	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	only	only	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	zoos	zoo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | lemmings |  |  | zoos |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in zoo=Location |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, because lemmings cannot see cliffs and simply run straight off the edge in a crowd

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming:t7:o2:1
# text = Yes, because lemmings cannot see cliffs and simply run straight off the edge in a crowd
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
3	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
4	lemmings	lemming	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
5	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	cliffs	cliff	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	simply	simply	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	run	run	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
12	straight	straight	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
13	off	off	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	edge	edge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	crowd	crowd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **see** | can | lemmings | cliffs |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer cliff=Stimulus |
| 2 | **run** | infinitive | lemmings *not said here* |  |  | a crowd |  | off the edge; simply *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme off edge=Trajectory |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, they do it every year

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming:t7:o3:1
# text = Yes, they do it every year
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | present | they | it |  |  | year |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That 1958 scene was set up by the filmmakers; lemmings do not leap to their deaths

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming:t7:o4:1
# text = That 1958 scene was set up by the filmmakers; lemmings do not leap to their deaths
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
2	1958	1958	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	scene	scene	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	set	set	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	filmmakers	filmmaker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	lemmings	lemming	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
12	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
14	leap	leap	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	deaths	death	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **set up** | past · passive | the filmmakers | that 1958 scene |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient subject=Result |
| 2 | **not** **leap** | present · do-support | lemmings |  |  | lemmings's deaths |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to death=Destination |
| 3 | **die** |  | lemmings *= lemming* |  |  |  |  |  | nom death «event intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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