---
title: A bird ringed in England is found a year later in Africa. What does… — How scientists find out: naturalists,… · tree and pragmatics
description: A bird ringed in England is found a year later in Africa. What does that show? Test 9 of lesson 264 «How scientists find out: naturalists, Darwin, the microscope and wildlife filming» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each 
---

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# Test 9 · How scientists find out: naturalists, Darwin, the microsco…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bird ringed in England is found a year later in Africa. What does that show?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** that · **What happens:** ring, find, show · **To what, where:** bird, England, Africa

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 9 of lesson 264 «How scientists find out: naturalists, Darwin, the microscope and wildlife filming» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming/#t9).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A bird ringed in England is found a year later in Africa.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming:t9:1
# text = A bird ringed in England is found a year later in Africa.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	ringed	ring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	England	England	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl:unmarked	_	_
10	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	7	advmod	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ring** | participle |  | a bird *not said here* |  | England |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in england=Location |
| 2 | **find** | present · passive |  | a bird |  | Africa |  | late *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What does that show?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming:t9:2
# text = What does that show?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	obj	_	_
2	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj	_	_
4	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present · do-support | that |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent what=Recipient |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Birds are born in Africa and fly to England only once

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming:t9:o1:1
# text = Birds are born in Africa and fly to England only once
1	Birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	fly	fly	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	England	England	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
10	only	only	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	7	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | present · passive |  | Birds |  | Africa |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **fly** | infinitive |  |  | England |  |  | once *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to england=Result |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bird flew thousands of kilometres on migration

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming:t9:o2:1
# text = The bird flew thousands of kilometres on migration
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	thousands	thousand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	kilometres	kilometre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	migration	migration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | past | the bird | thousands of kilometres |  | migration |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent thousand=Theme on migration=Location |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Someone caught it and carried it there by plane in a box

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming:t9:o3:1
# text = Someone caught it and carried it there by plane in a box
1	Someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	nsubj	_	_
2	caught	catch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	carried	carry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	plane	plane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	box	box	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **catch** | past | Someone | it |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 2 | **carry** | past | Someone *not said here* | it |  | a box; there |  | by plane | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent it=Value in box=Location |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ring fell off in Britain and blew there in the wind

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming:t9:o4:1
# text = The ring fell off in Britain and blew there in the wind
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ring	ring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	off	off	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Britain	Britain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	blew	blow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	8	advmod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall off** | past | the ring |  |  |  |  | in Britain | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in britain=Attribute |
| 2 | **blow** | past | the ring *not said here* |  |  | the wind; there |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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