---
title: «my cousin says T. rex had massive teeth for eating leaves, that's w… — Tyrannosaurus rex: what we really know… · tree and pragmatics
description: «my cousin says T. rex had massive teeth for eating leaves, that's why they're so big» What is right? Test 1 of lesson 265 «Tyrannosaurus rex: what we really know, from teeth and dung to tiny arms» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the questio
---

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# Test 1 · Tyrannosaurus rex: what we really know, from teeth and dun…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«my cousin says T. rex had massive teeth for eating leaves, that's why they're so big» What is right?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** cousin, T. rex, that, leaves · **What happens:** say, have, eat, be · **To what, where:** massive teeth, leaves · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 1 of lesson 265 «Tyrannosaurus rex: what we really know, from teeth and dung to tiny arms» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/265-tyrannosaurus-rex-teeth-dung-and-tiny-arms/#t1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:265-tyrannosaurus-rex-teeth-dung-and-tiny-arms:t1:1
# text = «my cousin says T. rex had massive teeth for eating leaves, that's why they're so big» What is right?
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	T.	T.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	rex	rex	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
8	massive	massive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
11	eating	eat	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
12	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	16	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
16	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	conj	_	_
17	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	're	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
19	so	so	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	advcl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	_
22	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	24	nsubj	_	_
23	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
24	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | present | my cousin |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **have** *in a quote* | past | T. rex | massive teeth |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient |
| 3 | **eat** *in a quote* | gerund | T. rex *not said here* | leaves |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient |
| 4 | **is** *in a quote* | present | that |  |  |  |  | why *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **is** *in a quote* | present | leaves *= leaf* |  |  |  |  | big *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, T. rex had no teeth, only a beak

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:265-tyrannosaurus-rex-teeth-dung-and-tiny-arms:t1:o1:1
# text = No, T. rex had no teeth, only a beak
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	T.	T.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	rex	rex	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	7	det	_	_
7	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	only	only	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	beak	beak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | T. rex | no teeth |  |  |  | a beak *obl* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, T. rex only ate leaves and fruit

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:265-tyrannosaurus-rex-teeth-dung-and-tiny-arms:t1:o2:1
# text = Yes, T. rex only ate leaves and fruit
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	T.	T.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	rex	rex	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	only	only	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | past | T. rex | leaves and fruit |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, its thick teeth were for crushing bone and meat

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:265-tyrannosaurus-rex-teeth-dung-and-tiny-arms:t1:o3:1
# text = No, its thick teeth were for crushing bone and meat
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	8	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
3	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	crushing	crush	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
9	bone	bone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crush** | past · progressive | its thick teeth | bone and meat |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, big thick teeth are the best ones for chewing leaves

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:265-tyrannosaurus-rex-teeth-dung-and-tiny-arms:t1:o4:1
# text = Yes, big thick teeth are the best ones for chewing leaves
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	9	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	9	amod	_	_
9	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	chewing	chew	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	acl	_	_
12	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | big thick teeth | the best ones |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **chew** | gerund | the best ones *not said here* | leaves |  |  |  |  | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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