---
title: A T. rex in a cartoon opens its mouth and roars like a lion. What do… — Tyrannosaurus rex: what we really know… · tree and pragmatics
description: A T. rex in a cartoon opens its mouth and roars like a lion. What do scientists think? Test 8 of lesson 265 «Tyrannosaurus rex: what we really know, from teeth and dung to tiny arms» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each o
---

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# Test 8 · Tyrannosaurus rex: what we really know, from teeth and dun…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A T. rex in a cartoon opens its mouth and roars like a lion. What do scientists think?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** T. rex, scientists · **What happens:** open, roar, think · **To what, where:** mouth

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 8 of lesson 265 «Tyrannosaurus rex: what we really know, from teeth and dung to tiny arms» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/265-tyrannosaurus-rex-teeth-dung-and-tiny-arms/#t8).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A T. rex in a cartoon opens its mouth and roars like a lion.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:265-tyrannosaurus-rex-teeth-dung-and-tiny-arms:t8:1
# text = A T. rex in a cartoon opens its mouth and roars like a lion.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	T.	T.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	rex	rex	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	opens	open	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	roars	roar	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **open** | present | a T. rex in a cartoon | rex's mouth |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location mouth=Theme |
| 2 | **roar** | present | a T. rex in a cartoon *not said here* |  |  |  |  | like a lion | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What do scientists think?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:265-tyrannosaurus-rex-teeth-dung-and-tiny-arms:t8:2
# text = What do scientists think?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	obj	_	_
2	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	think	think	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | present · do-support | scientists |  |  |  |  |  | vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot what=Theme |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It sang like a songbird

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:265-tyrannosaurus-rex-teeth-dung-and-tiny-arms:t8:o1:1
# text = It sang like a songbird
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	like	like	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	songbird	songbird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | It |  |  |  |  | like a songbird | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It roared exactly like a lion, and scientists have recordings of the sound

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:265-tyrannosaurus-rex-teeth-dung-and-tiny-arms:t8:o2:1
# text = It roared exactly like a lion, and scientists have recordings of the sound
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	roared	roar	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	exactly	exactly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
4	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
11	recordings	recording	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **roar** | past | It |  |  |  |  | like a lion | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | present | scientists | recordings of the sound |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent recording=Patient |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nobody knows its voice; it may have rumbled with its mouth shut like birds and crocodiles

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:265-tyrannosaurus-rex-teeth-dung-and-tiny-arms:t8:o3:1
# text = Nobody knows its voice; it may have rumbled with its mouth shut like birds and crocodiles
1	Nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	2	nsubj	_	_
2	knows	know	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
7	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	aux	_	_
9	rumbled	rumble	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	shut	shut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	xcomp	_	_
14	like	like	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	crocodiles	crocodile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | present | Nobody | its voice |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer voice=Stimulus |
| 2 | **rumble** | may · perfect | voice |  |  |  |  | with voice's mouth | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **shut** | participle | voice *not said here* |  |  |  |  | like birds and crocodiles | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It squeaked like a mouse

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:265-tyrannosaurus-rex-teeth-dung-and-tiny-arms:t8:o4:1
# text = It squeaked like a mouse
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	squeaked	squeak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	like	like	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	mouse	mouse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **squeak** | past | It |  |  |  |  | like a mouse | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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