---
title: Identify the feature of the sauropod skeleton that is understood to… — The long-necked giants: Diplodocus, Br… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the feature of the sauropod skeleton that is understood to have reduced its overall mass. Exam question 1 of lesson 266 «The long-necked giants: Diplodocus, Brachiosaurus, Argentinosaurus and Brontosaurus» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmati
---

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# Exam question 1 · The long-necked giants: Diplodocus, Brachiosaurus, Argenti…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the feature of the sauropod skeleton that is understood to have reduced its overall mass.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, understand, reduce, feature · **To what, where:** feature, sauropod skeleton, overall mass

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This is exam question 1 of lesson 266 «The long-necked giants: Diplodocus, Brachiosaurus, Argentinosaurus and Brontosaurus» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/266-the-long-necked-giants-sauropods/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:266-the-long-necked-giants-sauropods:e1:1
# text = Identify the feature of the sauropod skeleton that is understood to have reduced its overall mass.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	feature	feature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	sauropod	sauropod	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	skeleton	skeleton	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	understood	understand	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl:relcl	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
12	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	aux	_	_
13	reduced	reduce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
14	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
15	overall	overall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	mass	mass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the feature of the sauropod skeleton |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent feature=Theme |
| 2 | **understand** | present · passive |  | the sauropod skeleton |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus |
| 3 | **reduce** | to-infinitive · perfect |  | skeleton's overall mass |  |  |  |  | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer mass=Patient |
| 4 | **feature** |  |  | the sauropod skeleton |  |  |  |  | nom feature «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The replacement of the heavy tail by a fin of skin

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:266-the-long-necked-giants-sauropods:e1:o1:1
# text = The replacement of the heavy tail by a fin of skin
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	replacement	replacement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	tail	tail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	fin	fin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **replace** |  | a fin of skin | the heavy tail |  |  |  |  | nom replacement «act transitive»: of=patient by=agent |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The presence of air-filled spaces within the bones

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:266-the-long-necked-giants-sauropods:e1:o2:1
# text = The presence of air-filled spaces within the bones
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	presence	presence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	filled	fill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	spaces	space	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
8	within	within	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fill** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The complete absence of any bones within the neck

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:266-the-long-necked-giants-sauropods:e1:o3:1
# text = The complete absence of any bones within the neck
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	complete	complete	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	absence	absence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
6	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	within	within	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	neck	neck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **absent** |  |  | any bones within the neck |  |  |  |  | nom absence «state transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The composition of the bones from cartilage alone

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:266-the-long-necked-giants-sauropods:e1:o4:1
# text = The composition of the bones from cartilage alone
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	composition	composition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	cartilage	cartilage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ↑ back to [The long-necked giants: Diplodocus, Brachiosaurus, Argentinosaurus and Brontosaurus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/266-the-long-necked-giants-sauropods/)