--- title: Identify the faculty by which a dolphin is enabled to locate objects… — Dolphins, porpoises and seals · tree and pragmatics description: Identify the faculty by which a dolphin is enabled to locate objects in turbid water. Exam question 1 of lesson 27 «Dolphins, porpoises and seals» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/27-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals/e1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/) / [Dolphins, porpoises and seals](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/27-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals/) / e1 # Exam question 1 · Dolphins, porpoises and seals Identify the faculty by which a dolphin is enabled to locate objects in turbid water. **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, faculty, dolphin · **What happens:** identify, enable, locate · **To what, where:** faculty, dolphin, objects, turbid water This is exam question 1 of lesson 27 «Dolphins, porpoises and seals» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/27-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals/#e1). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:27-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals:e1:1 # text = Identify the faculty by which a dolphin is enabled to locate objects in turbid water. 1 Identify identify VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 faculty faculty NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obj _ _ 4 by by ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 9 obl _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 dolphin dolphin NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj:pass _ _ 8 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 aux:pass _ _ 9 enabled enable VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 acl:relcl _ _ 10 to to PART TO _ 11 mark _ _ 11 locate locate VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 9 xcomp _ _ 12 objects object NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 obj _ _ 13 in in ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 turbid turbid ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 16 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the faculty | | | | | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent faculty=Theme | | 2 | **enable** | present · passive | the faculty | a dolphin | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **locate** | to-infinitive | a dolphin *not said here* | objects | | turbid water | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1} Detection of heat by the skin ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:27-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals:e1:o1:1 # text = Detection of heat by the skin 1 Detection detection NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 2 of of ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 3 heat heat NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 nmod _ _ 4 by by ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 skin skin NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 nmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **detect** | | the skin | heat | | | | | nom detection «cognition transitive»: of=patient by=agent | ### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2} Echolocation, by means of emitted clicks and returning echoes ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:27-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals:e1:o2:1 # text = Echolocation, by means of emitted clicks and returning echoes 1 Echolocation echolocation NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 2 , , PUNCT , _ 4 punct _ _ 3 by by ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 emitted emit VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 7 amod _ _ 7 clicks click NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 9 returning return VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 10 amod _ _ 10 echoes echo NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 conj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **mean** | present | Echolocation | | | | | of emitted clicks and returning echoes | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **emit** | participle | | | | | | | vn substance\_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source | | 3 | **return** | gerund | | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ### Option 3 {#o3} Olfaction, by means of the blowhole ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:27-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals:e1:o3:1 # text = Olfaction, by means of the blowhole 1 Olfaction olfaction NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 2 , , PUNCT , _ 4 punct _ _ 3 by by ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 blowhole blowhole NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **mean** | present | Olfaction | | | | | of the blowhole | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | ### Option 4 {#o4} Vision alone, by means of eyes of unusual size and sensitivity ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:27-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals:e1:o4:1 # text = Vision alone, by means of eyes of unusual size and sensitivity 1 Vision vision NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 2 alone alone ADV RB _ 1 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 3 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 4 by by ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 eyes eye NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obl _ _ 8 of of ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 unusual unusual ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 10 size size NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 12 sensitivity sensitivity NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 conj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **mean** | present | Vision | | | | | of eyes of unusual size and sensitivity | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [Dolphins, porpoises and seals, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/27-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals/t11/) - next →: [Dolphins, porpoises and seals, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/27-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals/e2/) - ↑ back to [Dolphins, porpoises and seals](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/27-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals/)