---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Dolphins, porpoises and seals · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the manner in which the dolphin sleeps? Exam question 2 of lesson 27 «Dolphins, porpoises and seals» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choi
---

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# Exam question 2 · Dolphins, porpoises and seals

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the manner in which the dolphin sleeps?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** dolphin · **What happens:** follow, characteris, sleep · **To what, where:** manner

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 27 «Dolphins, porpoises and seals» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/27-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:27-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the manner in which the dolphin sleeps?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	manner	manner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	obl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	dolphin	dolphin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	sleeps	sleep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the manner |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **sleep** | present | the dolphin |  |  | the manner |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in which=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The animal does not sleep at any time

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:27-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals:e2:o1:1
# text = The animal does not sleep at any time
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	sleep	sleep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	det	_	_
8	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **sleep** | present · do-support | the animal |  |  |  | time |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Both hemispheres rest at once upon the seabed

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:27-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals:e2:o2:1
# text = Both hemispheres rest at once upon the seabed
1	Both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	hemispheres	hemisphere	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rest	rest	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	3	obl	_	_
6	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	seabed	seabed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rest** | present | both hemispheres |  |  |  |  | upon the seabed | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at once=Location |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One hemisphere of the brain rests while the other remains awake

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:27-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals:e2:o3:1
# text = One hemisphere of the brain rests while the other remains awake
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	hemisphere	hemisphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	brain	brain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	rests	rest	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	remains	remains	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	6	obj	_	_
11	awake	awake	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rest** | present | One hemisphere of the brain | the other remains |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location remains=Theme |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It sleeps only while stranded upon the shore, at the lowest of the tides

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:27-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals:e2:o4:1
# text = It sleeps only while stranded upon the shore, at the lowest of the tides
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sleeps	sleep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	stranded	strand	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	xcomp	_	_
6	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	shore	shore	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	lowest	low	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	2	advcl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	tides	tide	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sleep** | present | It |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **strand** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | upon the shore | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Dolphins, porpoises and seals, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/27-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals/e1/)
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