---
title: Why do you think the sponge trick is called a kind of dolphin culture? — Dolphins, porpoises and seals · tree and pragmatics
description: Why do you think the sponge trick is called a kind of dolphin culture? Test 6 · ★ of lesson 27 «Dolphins, porpoises and seals» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 6 · ★ · Dolphins, porpoises and seals

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why do you think the sponge trick is called a kind of dolphin culture?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** think, call · **To what, where:** sponge trick · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 6 · ★ of lesson 27 «Dolphins, porpoises and seals» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/27-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals/#t6).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:27-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals:t6:1
# text = Why do you think the sponge trick is called a kind of dolphin culture?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	think	think	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	sponge	sponge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	trick	trick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	ccomp	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	xcomp	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	dolphin	dolphin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	culture	culture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | present · do-support | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **call** | present · passive |  | the sponge trick |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
All dolphins everywhere are born already knowing how to do it

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:27-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals:t6:o1:1
# text = All dolphins everywhere are born already knowing how to do it
1	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	dolphins	dolphin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	everywhere	everywhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	2	advmod	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	already	already	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	knowing	know	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
8	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | present · passive |  | all dolphins |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **know** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **do** | to-infinitive |  | it |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was taught by scientists

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:27-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals:t6:o2:1
# text = It was taught by scientists
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	taught	teach	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **teach** *speech: other* | past · passive | scientists | It |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent subject=Recipient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sponges teach the dolphins

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:27-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals:t6:o3:1
# text = The sponges teach the dolphins
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sponges	sponge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	teach	teach	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	dolphins	dolphin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **teach** *speech: other* | present | the sponges |  | the dolphins |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent dolphin=Recipient |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is learned and passed on, mostly from mothers to daughters

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:27-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals:t6:o4:1
# text = It is learned and passed on, mostly from mothers to daughters
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	learned	learn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	passed	pass	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	mothers	mother	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	daughters	daughter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  | from mothers; to daughters | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Topic from mother=Source |
| 2 | **pass on** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Dolphins, porpoises and seals, test 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/27-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals/t5/)
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