---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Not dinosaurs at all: pterosaurs, ples… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the contribution of Mary Anning? Exam question 4 of lesson 270 «Not dinosaurs at all: pterosaurs, plesiosaurs, mosasaurs and Mary Anning» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the que
---

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# Exam question 4 · Not dinosaurs at all: pterosaurs, plesiosaurs, mosasaurs a…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the contribution of Mary Anning?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, contribute · **To what, where:** contribution, Mary Anning

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 270 «Not dinosaurs at all: pterosaurs, plesiosaurs, mosasaurs and Mary Anning» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/270-not-dinosaurs-pterosaurs-plesiosaurs-mosasaurs-mary-anning/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:270-not-dinosaurs-pterosaurs-plesiosaurs-mosasaurs-mary-anning:e4:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the contribution of Mary Anning?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	contribution	contribution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	Mary	Mary	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	Anning	Anning	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the contribution of Mary Anning |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **contribute** |  |  | Mary Anning |  |  |  |  | nom contribution «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She discovered the first complete ichthyosaur in childhood and became an accomplished collector of fossils

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:270-not-dinosaurs-pterosaurs-plesiosaurs-mosasaurs-mary-anning:e4:o1:1
# text = She discovered the first complete ichthyosaur in childhood and became an accomplished collector of fossils
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	discovered	discover	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	6	amod	_	_
5	complete	complete	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	ichthyosaur	ichthyosaur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	childhood	childhood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
11	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	accomplished	accomplish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	amod	_	_
13	collector	collector	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	xcomp	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	fossils	fossil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **discover** | past | She | the first complete ichthyosaur |  | childhood |  |  | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ichthyosaur=Topic |
| 2 | **become** | past | She *not said here* | a accomplished collector of fossils |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **accomplish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn complete-55.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She disproved the existence of extinct animals by showing that all fossils belonged to living kinds

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:270-not-dinosaurs-pterosaurs-plesiosaurs-mosasaurs-mary-anning:e4:o2:1
# text = She disproved the existence of extinct animals by showing that all fossils belonged to living kinds
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	disproved	disprove	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	existence	existence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	extinct	extinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	showing	show	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
11	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	12	det	_	_
12	fossils	fossil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
13	belonged	belong	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	kinds	kind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **disprove** | past | She | the existence of extinct animals |  |  |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent existence=Theme |
| 2 | **show** | gerund | She *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **belong** | past | all fossils |  |  |  |  | to living kinds | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **exist** |  | extinct animals |  |  |  |  |  | nom existence «state intransitive»: of=agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was the first to describe Tyrannosaurus rex, from bones she found herself upon the coast of Dorset in England

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:270-not-dinosaurs-pterosaurs-plesiosaurs-mosasaurs-mary-anning:e4:o3:1
# text = She was the first to describe Tyrannosaurus rex, from bones she found herself upon the coast of Dorset in England
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	describe	describe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl	_	_
7	Tyrannosaurus	Tyrannosaurus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	rex	rex	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
12	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
14	herself	herself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	13	obj	_	_
15	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	coast	coast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	Dorset	Dorset	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	England	England	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | She |  |  |  |  | first *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **describe** | to-infinitive |  | Tyrannosaurus rex |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent rex=Theme |
| 3 | **find** | past | she | herself *= she* |  | bones |  | upon the coast of Dorset in England | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent herself=Theme from bone=Source |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was the first person to fly an aircraft over the cliffs of Dorset

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:270-not-dinosaurs-pterosaurs-plesiosaurs-mosasaurs-mary-anning:e4:o4:1
# text = She was the first person to fly an aircraft over the cliffs of Dorset
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	5	amod	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	fly	fly	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	aircraft	aircraft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	over	over	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	cliffs	cliff	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Dorset	Dorset	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | She | the first person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **fly** | to-infinitive |  | a aircraft |  | the cliffs of Dorset |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent aircraft=Theme over cliff=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Not dinosaurs at all: pterosaurs, ples…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/270-not-dinosaurs-pterosaurs-plesiosaurs-mosasaurs-mary-anning/e3/)
- next →: [The asteroid: the day the dinosaurs di…, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/271-the-asteroid-the-day-the-dinosaurs-died/t1/)
- ↑ back to [Not dinosaurs at all: pterosaurs, plesiosaurs, mosasaurs and Mary Anning](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/270-not-dinosaurs-pterosaurs-plesiosaurs-mosasaurs-mary-anning/)