---
title: In a film a giant mosasaur leaps out of a pool and swallows a shark.… — Not dinosaurs at all: pterosaurs, ples… · tree and pragmatics
description: In a film a giant mosasaur leaps out of a pool and swallows a shark. What is true about mosasaurs? Test 5 of lesson 270 «Not dinosaurs at all: pterosaurs, plesiosaurs, mosasaurs and Mary Anning» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question a
---

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# Test 5 · Not dinosaurs at all: pterosaurs, plesiosaurs, mosasaurs a…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a film a giant mosasaur leaps out of a pool and swallows a shark. What is true about mosasaurs?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** giant mosasaur · **What happens:** leap out, swallow, be · **To what, where:** pool, film, shark

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 5 of lesson 270 «Not dinosaurs at all: pterosaurs, plesiosaurs, mosasaurs and Mary Anning» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/270-not-dinosaurs-pterosaurs-plesiosaurs-mosasaurs-mary-anning/#t5).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* In a film a giant mosasaur leaps out of a pool and swallows a shark.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:270-not-dinosaurs-pterosaurs-plesiosaurs-mosasaurs-mary-anning:t5:1
# text = In a film a giant mosasaur leaps out of a pool and swallows a shark.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	giant	giant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	mosasaur	mosasaur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	leaps	leap	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	out	out	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	pool	pool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	swallows	swallow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	shark	shark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leap out** | present | a giant mosasaur | a pool |  | a film |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme pool=Trajectory |
| 2 | **swallow** | present | a giant mosasaur *not said here* | a shark |  |  |  |  | vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shark=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What is true about mosasaurs?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:270-not-dinosaurs-pterosaurs-plesiosaurs-mosasaurs-mary-anning:t5:2
# text = What is true about mosasaurs?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	about	about	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	mosasaurs	mosasaur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | about mosasaurs; true *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They were small, about the size of a cat, and ate only little shrimps

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:270-not-dinosaurs-pterosaurs-plesiosaurs-mosasaurs-mary-anning:t5:o1:1
# text = They were small, about the size of a cat, and ate only little shrimps
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	about	about	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
14	only	only	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
15	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	shrimps	shrimp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | They |  |  |  |  | the size of a cat *obl*; small *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **eat** | past | They *not said here* | little shrimps |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shrimp=Patient |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They were huge sea lizards up to about 15 metres, related to snakes

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:270-not-dinosaurs-pterosaurs-plesiosaurs-mosasaurs-mary-anning:t5:o2:1
# text = They were huge sea lizards up to about 15 metres, related to snakes
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	lizards	lizard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	RP	_	10	case	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	about	about	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	15	15	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	metres	metre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	related	related	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	snakes	snake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | They | huge sea lizards |  |  |  | up 15 metres | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | They *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to snakes | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They were dinosaurs that swam, the biggest dinosaurs that ever lived

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:270-not-dinosaurs-pterosaurs-plesiosaurs-mosasaurs-mary-anning:t5:o3:1
# text = They were dinosaurs that swam, the biggest dinosaurs that ever lived
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	swam	swim	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	biggest	big	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	9	amod	_	_
9	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
11	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	12	advmod	_	_
12	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | They | dinosaurs and the biggest dinosaurs |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **swim** | past | dinosaurs and the biggest dinosaurs |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **live** | past | the biggest dinosaurs |  |  |  | ever |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They were sharks themselves, with skeletons made of soft cartilage

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:270-not-dinosaurs-pterosaurs-plesiosaurs-mosasaurs-mary-anning:t5:o4:1
# text = They were sharks themselves, with skeletons made of soft cartilage
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	sharks	shark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	skeletons	skeleton	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	appos	_	_
8	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	cartilage	cartilage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | They | sharks |  |  |  | sharks *= shark* *nmod* | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | skeletons *not said here* |  |  |  | of soft cartilage | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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