---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — The asteroid: the day the dinosaurs di… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the consequence of the extinction for the mammals? Exam question 4 of lesson 271 «The asteroid: the day the dinosaurs died and who survived» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the 
---

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# Exam question 4 · The asteroid: the day the dinosaurs died and who survived

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the consequence of the extinction for the mammals?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** consequence

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 271 «The asteroid: the day the dinosaurs died and who survived» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/271-the-asteroid-the-day-the-dinosaurs-died/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:271-the-asteroid-the-day-the-dinosaurs-died:e4:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the consequence of the extinction for the mammals?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	consequence	consequence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	extinction	extinction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	mammals	mammal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the consequence of the extinction |  |  |  | of the following statements; for the mammals; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They perished in their entirety alongside the dinosaurs, leaving no descendants whatever

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:271-the-asteroid-the-day-the-dinosaurs-died:e4:o1:1
# text = They perished in their entirety alongside the dinosaurs, leaving no descendants whatever
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	perished	perish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	entirety	entirety	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	alongside	alongside	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	leaving	leave	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
11	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	12	det	_	_
12	descendants	descendant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
13	whatever	whatever	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **perish** | past | They |  |  | their entirety |  | alongside the dinosaurs | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **leave** | gerund | They *not said here* | no descendants |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent descendant=Theme whatever=Attribute |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They became the ancestors of the birds by developing feathers

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:271-the-asteroid-the-day-the-dinosaurs-died:e4:o2:1
# text = They became the ancestors of the birds by developing feathers
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ancestors	ancestor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	xcomp	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	developing	develop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
10	feathers	feather	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | past | They | the ancestors of the birds |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **develop** | gerund | They *not said here* | feathers |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feather=Product |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They were reduced permanently to a minute size and never again exceeded that of a mouse

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:271-the-asteroid-the-day-the-dinosaurs-died:e4:o3:1
# text = They were reduced permanently to a minute size and never again exceeded that of a mouse
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	reduced	reduce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	permanently	permanently	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	minute	minute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
11	again	again	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	exceeded	exceed	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
13	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	mouse	mouse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	ccomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reduce** | past · passive |  | They |  |  |  | to a minute size *goal*; permanently *property* | vn limit-76 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Patient to size=Goal |
| 2 | **not** **exceed** | past |  |  |  |  | again |  | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They diversified and attained a great range of sizes within a few million years

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:271-the-asteroid-the-day-the-dinosaurs-died:e4:o4:1
# text = They diversified and attained a great range of sizes within a few million years
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	diversified	diversify	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	attained	attain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	range	range	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	sizes	size	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
10	within	within	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
12	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
13	million	million	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
14	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **diversify** | past | They |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **attain** | past | They *not said here* | a great range of sizes |  |  | year |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent range=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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