---
title: Identify the principal adaptations of the woolly mammoth to a cold c… — Mammoths and the Ice Age giants: sabre… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal adaptations of the woolly mammoth to a cold climate. Exam question 1 of lesson 272 «Mammoths and the Ice Age giants: sabre-tooths, ground sloths and woolly rhinos» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of ea
---

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# Exam question 1 · Mammoths and the Ice Age giants: sabre-tooths, ground slot…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal adaptations of the woolly mammoth to a cold climate.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, woolly mammoth · **What happens:** identify, adapt · **To what, where:** principal adaptations

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This is exam question 1 of lesson 272 «Mammoths and the Ice Age giants: sabre-tooths, ground sloths and woolly rhinos» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/272-mammoths-and-the-ice-age-giants/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:272-mammoths-and-the-ice-age-giants:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal adaptations of the woolly mammoth to a cold climate.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	adaptations	adaptation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	woolly	woolly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	mammoth	mammoth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	climate	climate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal adaptations of the woolly mammoth |  |  |  | to a cold climate | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: agent=Agent adaptation=Theme to climate=be' |
| 2 | **adapt** |  | the woolly mammoth |  |  |  |  |  | nom adaptation «communication intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Webbed feet for swimming beneath the ice of frozen lakes

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:272-mammoths-and-the-ice-age-giants:e1:o1:1
# text = Webbed feet for swimming beneath the ice of frozen lakes
1	Webbed	web	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	swimming	swimming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	frozen	freeze	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
10	lakes	lake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **web** | participle |  | feet |  |  |  | for swimming; beneath the ice of frozen lakes | tree rules |
| 2 | **freeze** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Large ears and bare skin, which shed heat to prevent overheating

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:272-mammoths-and-the-ice-age-giants:e1:o2:1
# text = Large ears and bare skin, which shed heat to prevent overheating
1	Large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	ears	ear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	bare	bare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	shed	shed	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	prevent	prevent	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
12	overheating	overheat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shed** | past | Large ears and bare skin | heat |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location heat=Source |
| 2 | **prevent** | to-infinitive | Large ears and bare skin *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Causer |
| 3 | **overheat** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A shell of bony plates which kept out the wind and the snow

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:272-mammoths-and-the-ice-age-giants:e1:o3:1
# text = A shell of bony plates which kept out the wind and the snow
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shell	shell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	bony	bony	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	plates	plate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	out	out	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep out** | past | a shell of bony plates | the wind and the snow |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wind=Theme |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Small ears and a dense coat of hair, which retained bodily heat

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:272-mammoths-and-the-ice-age-giants:e1:o4:1
# text = Small ears and a dense coat of hair, which retained bodily heat
1	Small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	ears	ear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	dense	dense	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	coat	coat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	retained	retain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	bodily	bodily	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **retain** | past | Small ears and a dense coat of hair | bodily heat |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- next →: [Mammoths and the Ice Age giants: sabre…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/272-mammoths-and-the-ice-age-giants/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Mammoths and the Ice Age giants: sabre-tooths, ground sloths and woolly rhinos](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/272-mammoths-and-the-ice-age-giants/)