--- title: Identify the factor understood to have permitted the attainment of g… — Terror birds, moas, giant insects and… · tree and pragmatics description: Identify the factor understood to have permitted the attainment of great size by certain insects some three hundred million years ago. Exam question 1 of lesson 274 «Terror birds, moas, giant insects and other lost giants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/274-terror-birds-moas-giant-insects-and-lost-giants/e1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/) / [Terror birds, moas, giant insects and…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/274-terror-birds-moas-giant-insects-and-lost-giants/) / e1 # Exam question 1 · Terror birds, moas, giant insects and other lost giants Identify the factor understood to have permitted the attainment of great size by certain insects some three hundred million years ago. **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, factor · **What happens:** identify, understand, permit, attain · **To what, where:** attainment, great size This is exam question 1 of lesson 274 «Terror birds, moas, giant insects and other lost giants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/274-terror-birds-moas-giant-insects-and-lost-giants/#e1). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:274-terror-birds-moas-giant-insects-and-lost-giants:e1:1 # text = Identify the factor understood to have permitted the attainment of great size by certain insects some three hundred million years ago. 1 Identify identify VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 factor factor NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 understood understand VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 1 ccomp _ _ 5 to to PART TO _ 7 mark _ _ 6 have have AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 7 aux _ _ 7 permitted permit VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 4 xcomp _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 attainment attainment NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obj _ _ 10 of of ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 great great ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 12 size size NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nmod _ _ 13 by by ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 certain certain ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 insects insect NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obl _ _ 16 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 20 det _ _ 17 three three NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 18 compound _ _ 18 hundred hundred NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 19 compound _ _ 19 million million NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 20 nummod _ _ 20 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obl:unmarked _ _ 21 ago ago ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 22 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | | | | | | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 2 | **understand** | past | the factor | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 3 | **permit** | to-infinitive · perfect | the factor *not said here* | the attainment of great size | | | | by certain insects | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent attainment=Theme by insect=Location | | 4 | **attain** | | | great size | | | | | nom attainment «act transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1} A higher concentration of oxygen within the atmosphere ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:274-terror-birds-moas-giant-insects-and-lost-giants:e1:o1:1 # text = A higher concentration of oxygen within the atmosphere 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 higher high ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 3 amod _ _ 3 concentration concentration NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 4 of of ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 oxygen oxygen NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nmod _ _ 6 within within ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 atmosphere atmosphere NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nmod _ _ ``` The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence. ### Option 2 {#o2} The coldness of the climate ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:274-terror-birds-moas-giant-insects-and-lost-giants:e1:o2:1 # text = The coldness of the climate 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 coldness coldness NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 3 of of ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 climate climate NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ ``` The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence. ### Option 3 {#o3} The complete absence of sunlight during the Carboniferous ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:274-terror-birds-moas-giant-insects-and-lost-giants:e1:o3:1 # text = The complete absence of sunlight during the Carboniferous 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 complete complete ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 absence absence NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 4 of of ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 sunlight sunlight NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nmod _ _ 6 during during ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 Carboniferous Carboniferous PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **absent** | | | sunlight | | | during the Carboniferous | | nom absence «state transitive»: of=patient during=obl | ### Option 4 {#o4} A diet consisting of dinosaurs ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:274-terror-birds-moas-giant-insects-and-lost-giants:e1:o4:1 # text = A diet consisting of dinosaurs 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 diet diet NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 3 consisting consist VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 2 acl _ _ 4 of of ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 dinosaurs dinosaur NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **consist** | gerund | a diet *not said here* | | | | | of dinosaurs | tree rules | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. 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