---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Terror birds, moas, giant insects and… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the evidence for the existence of the creature popularly termed Bigfoot? Exam question 4 of lesson 274 «Terror birds, moas, giant insects and other lost giants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree an
---

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# Exam question 4 · Terror birds, moas, giant insects and other lost giants

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the evidence for the existence of the creature popularly termed Bigfoot?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** evidence, creature · **What happens:** follow, characteris, term, exist · **To what, where:** Bigfoot

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 274 «Terror birds, moas, giant insects and other lost giants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/274-terror-birds-moas-giant-insects-and-lost-giants/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:274-terror-birds-moas-giant-insects-and-lost-giants:e4:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the evidence for the existence of the creature popularly termed Bigfoot?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	evidence	evidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	existence	existence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	creature	creature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
17	popularly	popularly	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	termed	term	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	ccomp	_	_
19	Bigfoot	Bigfoot	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  |  |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **term** | past | the evidence for the existence of the creature | Bigfoot |  |  |  | popularly *property* | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent bigfoot=Result |
| 4 | **exist** |  | the creature |  |  |  |  |  | nom existence «state intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is known from a complete preserved body

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:274-terror-birds-moas-giant-insects-and-lost-giants:e4:o1:1
# text = It is known from a complete preserved body
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	complete	complete	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	preserved	preserve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | present · passive |  | It |  | a complete preserved body |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus |
| 2 | **preserve** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There is no evidence of its existence, although the extinct Gigantopithecus is known from teeth and jaws

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:274-terror-birds-moas-giant-insects-and-lost-giants:e4:o2:1
# text = There is no evidence of its existence, although the extinct Gigantopithecus is known from teeth and jaws
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	4	det	_	_
4	evidence	evidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	existence	existence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
9	although	although	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	extinct	extinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	Gigantopithecus	Gigantopithecus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
15	from	from	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	jaws	jaw	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | no evidence of evidence's existence |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **know** | present · passive |  | the extinct Gigantopithecus |  | teeth and jaws |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus |
| 3 | **evidence** |  |  | evidence's existence |  |  |  |  | nom evidence «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
| 4 | **exist** |  | evidence |  |  |  |  |  | nom existence «state intransitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its existence has been conclusively demonstrated by photographs, footprints and hair examined in laboratories

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:274-terror-birds-moas-giant-insects-and-lost-giants:e4:o3:1
# text = Its existence has been conclusively demonstrated by photographs, footprints and hair examined in laboratories
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	existence	existence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	aux:pass	_	_
5	conclusively	conclusively	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	photographs	photograph	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	footprints	footprint	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
13	examined	examine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	laboratories	laboratory	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **demonstrate** | present · perfect · passive | photographs and footprints and hair | Its existence |  |  |  | conclusively *property* | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot subject=Topic |
| 2 | **examine** | participle |  | photographs and footprints and hair *not said here* |  | laboratories |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **exist** |  | Its *= it* |  |  |  |  |  | nom existence «state intransitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is identical to the living gorilla of China

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:274-terror-birds-moas-giant-insects-and-lost-giants:e4:o4:1
# text = It is identical to the living gorilla of China
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	identical	identical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	gorilla	gorilla	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	China	China	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | to the living gorilla of China; identical *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- next →: [Fossils: how a living thing turns to s…, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/t1/)
- ↑ back to [Terror birds, moas, giant insects and other lost giants](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/274-terror-birds-moas-giant-insects-and-lost-giants/)