---
title: Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning… — Fossils: how a living thing turns to s… · tree and pragmatics
description: Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the collection of fossils from coastal cliffs. Exam question 3 of lesson 275 «Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and how we dig it up» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics 
---

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# Exam question 3 · Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and how we dig…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the collection of fossils from coastal cliffs.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, established facts · **What happens:** select, establish, concern · **To what, where:** response, collection

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 275 «Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and how we dig it up» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up:e3:1
# text = Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the collection of fossils from coastal cliffs.
1	Select	select	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	response	response	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	collection	collection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	fossils	fossil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	_
14	from	from	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	coastal	coastal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	cliffs	cliff	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **select** | imperative | you *not said here* | the response |  |  |  | consistent *property* | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme |
| 2 | **establish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 3 | **concern** | gerund | the established facts *not said here* | the collection of fossils from coastal cliffs |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus collection=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Excavation of cliffs is universally encouraged by authorities

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up:e3:o1:1
# text = Excavation of cliffs is universally encouraged by authorities
1	Excavation	excavation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	cliffs	cliff	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
5	universally	universally	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	encouraged	encourage	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	authorities	authority	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **encourage** | present · passive | authorities | Excavation of cliffs |  |  |  | universally *property* | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 2 | **excavate** |  | cliffs |  |  |  |  |  | nom excavation «act intransitive»: of=agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
All fossils upon beaches are the property of the finder without exception

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up:e3:o2:1
# text = All fossils upon beaches are the property of the finder without exception
1	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	fossils	fossil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
3	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	beaches	beach	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	property	property	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	finder	finder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	without	without	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	exception	exception	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | all fossils upon beaches | the property |  |  |  | of the finder without exception | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fossils may lawfully be removed only by persons under ten years of age

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up:e3:o3:1
# text = Fossils may lawfully be removed only by persons under ten years of age
1	Fossils	fossil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	lawfully	lawfully	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	removed	remove	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	only	only	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	persons	person	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
9	under	under	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remove** | may · passive | persons | Fossils |  |  | year | lawfully *property* | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Excavation of cliffs is hazardous and frequently prohibited, whereas loose specimens may in many places be collected

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up:e3:o4:1
# text = Excavation of cliffs is hazardous and frequently prohibited, whereas loose specimens may in many places be collected
1	Excavation	excavation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	cliffs	cliff	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	hazardous	hazardous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	frequently	frequently	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	prohibited	prohibit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	whereas	whereas	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
11	loose	loose	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	specimens	specimen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
17	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	collected	collect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Excavation of cliffs |  |  |  |  | hazardous *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **prohibit** | participle | Excavation of cliffs *not said here* |  |  |  |  | frequently *property* | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Causer |
| 3 | **collect** | may · passive |  | loose specimens |  | many places |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 4 | **excavate** |  | cliffs |  |  |  |  |  | nom excavation «act intransitive»: of=agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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