---
title: «mate reckons every dinosaur that ever lived turned into a fossil, t… — Fossils: how a living thing turns to s… · tree and pragmatics
description: «mate reckons every dinosaur that ever lived turned into a fossil, that's why museums have so many» What is right? Test 2 of lesson 275 «Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and how we dig it up» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the que
---

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# Test 2 · Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and how we dig…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«mate reckons every dinosaur that ever lived turned into a fossil, that's why museums have so many» What is right?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** mate, that, museums · **What happens:** reckon, turn, be, have · **To what, where:** dinosaur, fossil, many

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 2 of lesson 275 «Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and how we dig it up» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/#t2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up:t2:1
# text = «mate reckons every dinosaur that ever lived turned into a fossil, that's why museums have so many» What is right?
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	mate	mate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	reckons	reckon	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	dinosaur	dinosaur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	9	advmod	_	_
8	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	turned	turn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	into	into	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	fossil	fossil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	16	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
16	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	18	advmod	_	_
17	museums	museum	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
18	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
19	so	so	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	_
22	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	24	nsubj	_	_
23	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
24	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reckon** *in a quote* | present | mate | every dinosaur |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent dinosaur=Attribute |
| 2 | **turn** *in a quote* | past · passive |  | every dinosaur |  | a fossil | ever |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: subject=Theme into fossil=Trajectory |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | present | that |  |  |  |  | why *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **have** *in a quote* | present | museums | many |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent many=Patient |
| 5 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, far fewer than one in a million animals becomes a fossil

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up:t2:o1:1
# text = No, far fewer than one in a million animals becomes a fossil
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	4	advmod	_	_
4	fewer	few	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	advmod	_	_
5	than	than	ADP	IN	_	4	fixed	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nsubj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	million	million	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
11	becomes	become	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	fossil	fossil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | present | one in million animals | a fossil |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, none of them did, fossils are all plaster

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up:t2:o2:1
# text = No, none of them did, fossils are all plaster
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
3	none	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	6	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nmod	_	_
6	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	fossils	fossil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	all	all	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	plaster	plaster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | none |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | fossils | plaster |  |  |  | all *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, every bone turns to stone in the end if you wait long enough

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up:t2:o3:1
# text = Yes, every bone turns to stone in the end if you wait long enough
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
4	bone	bone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	turns	turn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
11	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	wait	wait	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
14	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	13	advmod	_	_
15	enough	enough	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | present | every bone |  |  |  | in the end | to stone | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Theme to stone=Source in end=Trajectory |
| 2 | **wait** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | you |  |  |  |  | enough, long *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, but only the big ones

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up:t2:o4:1
# text = Yes, but only the big ones
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ↑ back to [Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and how we dig it up](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/)