---
title: «my teacher said giraffes stretched their necks for leaves and their… — Evolution: why giraffes really have lo… · tree and pragmatics
description: «my teacher said giraffes stretched their necks for leaves and their babies got the long necks. that's how it works yeah?» What is right? Test 1 · ★★ of lesson 278 «Evolution: why giraffes really have long necks» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics
---

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# Test 1 · ★★ · Evolution: why giraffes really have long necks

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«my teacher said giraffes stretched their necks for leaves and their babies got the long necks. that's how it works yeah?» What is right?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** teacher, giraffes, babies, that · **What happens:** say, stretch, get, be · **To what, where:** necks, long necks · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 1 · ★★ of lesson 278 «Evolution: why giraffes really have long necks» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks/#t1).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* «my teacher said giraffes stretched their necks for leaves and their babies got the long necks. that's how it works yeah?»

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks:t1:1
# text = «my teacher said giraffes stretched their necks for leaves and their babies got the long necks. that's how it works yeah?»
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	giraffes	giraffe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	stretched	stretch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	necks	neck	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	babies	baby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
14	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	necks	neck	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
19	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	23	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
21	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	23	advmod	_	_
22	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	works	work	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
24	yeah	yeah	INTJ	UH	_	23	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: ask* *in a quote* | past | my teacher |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **stretch** *in a quote* | past | giraffes | giraffes's necks |  |  |  | for leaves | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent neck=Patient |
| 3 | **get** *in a quote* | past | giraffes's babies | the long necks |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer neck=Stimulus |
| 4 | **is** *in a quote* | present | that |  |  |  |  | work *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What is right?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks:t1:2
# text = What is right?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, that is Lamarck's old idea; long-necked giraffes left more babies over many generations

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks:t1:o1:1
# text = No, that is Lamarck's old idea; long-necked giraffes left more babies over many generations
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	8	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
5	Lamarck	Lamarck	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
10	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	necked	neck	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	amod	_	_
13	giraffes	giraffe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
14	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	16	amod	_	_
16	babies	baby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
17	over	over	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	generations	generation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | that | Lamarck's old idea |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **neck** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn marry-36.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **leave** | past | Lamarck's old idea | more babies |  |  | over many generations |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent baby=Theme over generation=Location |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, giraffe necks have never changed

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks:t1:o2:1
# text = No, giraffe necks have never changed
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	giraffe	giraffe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	necks	neck	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
5	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	changed	change	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **change** | present · perfect | giraffe necks |  |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, but only for female giraffes

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks:t1:o3:1
# text = Yes, but only for female giraffes
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	female	female	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	giraffes	giraffe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, stretching makes the babies' necks longer

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks:t1:o4:1
# text = Yes, stretching makes the babies' necks longer
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	3	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	stretching	stretch	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	nsubj	_	_
4	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	babies	baby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	'	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	necks	neck	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
9	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	4	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stretch** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | present |  | the babies's necks |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset neck=Product |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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