---
title: Ascertain the reason for which influenza vaccines are revised annual… — Natural selection we can watch: moths,… · tree and pragmatics
description: Ascertain the reason for which influenza vaccines are revised annually. Exam question 4 of lesson 279 «Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches, germs and tuskless elephants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each opt
---

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# Exam question 4 · Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches, germs and…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ascertain the reason for which influenza vaccines are revised annually.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** ascertain, revise · **To what, where:** reason, influenza vaccines

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 279 «Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches, germs and tuskless elephants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants:e4:1
# text = Ascertain the reason for which influenza vaccines are revised annually.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	obl	_	_
6	influenza	influenza	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	vaccines	vaccine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	revised	revise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl:relcl	_	_
10	annually	annually	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the reason |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic |
| 2 | **revise** | present · passive |  | influenza vaccines |  |  |  | for the reason; annually *property* | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The influenza virus changes rapidly, rendering earlier vaccines less effective

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants:e4:o1:1
# text = The influenza virus changes rapidly, rendering earlier vaccines less effective
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	influenza	influenza	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	virus	virus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	changes	change	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	rapidly	rapidly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	rendering	render	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
8	earlier	early	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	amod	_	_
9	vaccines	vaccine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	11	advmod	_	_
11	effective	effective	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | present | the influenza virus |  |  |  |  | rapidly *property* | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **render** | gerund | the influenza virus *not said here* | earlier vaccines |  |  |  | effective *property* | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vaccine=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vaccines deteriorate in storage within one month

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants:e4:o2:1
# text = Vaccines deteriorate in storage within one month
1	Vaccines	vaccine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	deteriorate	deteriorate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	storage	storage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	within	within	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	month	month	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **deteriorate** | present | Vaccines |  |  | storage | month |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Influenza is replaced each year by the common cold

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants:e4:o3:1
# text = Influenza is replaced each year by the common cold
1	Influenza	influenza	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	replaced	replace	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **replace** | present · passive | the common cold | Influenza |  |  | year |  | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Co-Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The human body ceases to accept vaccines after one year

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants:e4:o4:1
# text = The human body ceases to accept vaccines after one year
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	ceases	cease	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	accept	accept	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	vaccines	vaccine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	after	after	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cease** | present | the human body |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **accept** | to-infinitive | the human body *not said here* | vaccines |  |  | year |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vaccine=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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