---
title: «my mate's lactose intolerant, means he's ill» What is closer to the… — Natural selection we can watch: moths,… · tree and pragmatics
description: «my mate's lactose intolerant, means he's ill» What is closer to the truth? Test 11 · ★★ of lesson 279 «Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches, germs and tuskless elephants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each op
---

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# Test 11 · ★★ · Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches, germs and…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«my mate's lactose intolerant, means he's ill» What is closer to the truth?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** lactose intolerant, intolerant · **What happens:** mean, be · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 11 · ★★ of lesson 279 «Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches, germs and tuskless elephants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants/#t11).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants:t11:1
# text = «my mate's lactose intolerant, means he's ill» What is closer to the truth?
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	mate	mate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	lactose	lactose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	intolerant	intolerant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
8	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
13	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	15	nsubj	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
15	closer	close	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	parataxis	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** *in a quote* | present | lactose intolerant |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | intolerant |  |  |  |  | ill *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | to the truth; close *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It means he drank too much milk as a baby

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants:t11:o1:1
# text = It means he drank too much milk as a baby
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	drank	drink	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
5	too	too	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | It |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **drink** | past | he | much milk |  |  |  | as a baby | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent milk=Patient |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Most mammals stop digesting milk after babyhood, so this is normal for many people

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants:t11:o2:1
# text = Most mammals stop digesting milk after babyhood, so this is normal for many people
1	Most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	2	amod	_	_
2	mammals	mammal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stop	stop	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	digesting	digest	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	babyhood	babyhood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
10	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	12	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	normal	normal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | present | Most mammals |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **digest** | gerund | Most mammals *not said here* | milk |  |  | after babyhood |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | this |  |  |  |  | for many people; normal *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It means he is allergic to cows

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants:t11:o3:1
# text = It means he is allergic to cows
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	allergic	allergic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	cows	cow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | It |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | he |  |  |  |  | to cows; allergic *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It means he has caught a dangerous germ from milk and needs to stay in bed till he is better

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants:t11:o4:1
# text = It means he has caught a dangerous germ from milk and needs to stay in bed till he is better
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	caught	catch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	germ	germ	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	stay	stay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
17	till	till	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
18	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
20	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	14	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | It |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **catch** | present · perfect · passive |  | he |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: subject=Beneficiary germ=Theme |
| 3 | **need** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 4 | **stay** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  | bed |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in bed=Location |
| 5 | **is** | present | he |  |  |  |  | good *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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