---
title: Identify the material of which the skeleton of a shark is principall… — Sharks · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the material of which the skeleton of a shark is principally composed. Exam question 1 of lesson 28 «Sharks» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Exam question 1 · Sharks

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the material of which the skeleton of a shark is principally composed.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, compose · **To what, where:** material, skeleton

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This is exam question 1 of lesson 28 «Sharks» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/28-sharks/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:28-sharks:e1:1
# text = Identify the material of which the skeleton of a shark is principally composed.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	material	material	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	obl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	skeleton	skeleton	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	shark	shark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
12	principally	principally	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	composed	compose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the material |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent material=Theme |
| 2 | **compose** | present · passive |  | the skeleton of a shark |  |  |  | of the material; principally *property* | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Calcium shell

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:28-sharks:e1:o1:1
# text = Calcium shell
1	Calcium	Calcium	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	shell	shell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cartilage

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:28-sharks:e1:o2:1
# text = Cartilage
1	Cartilage	cartilage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Calcified coral

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:28-sharks:e1:o3:1
# text = Calcified coral
1	Calcified	calcify	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	amod	_	_
2	coral	coral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **calcify** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ossified bone

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:28-sharks:e1:o4:1
# text = Ossified bone
1	Ossified	ossify	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	amod	_	_
2	bone	bone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ossify** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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