---
title: the teacher says sharks got no bones. is she having a laugh? — Sharks · tree and pragmatics
description: the teacher says sharks got no bones. is she having a laugh? Test 1 · ★★ of lesson 28 «Sharks» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 1 · ★★ · Sharks

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
the teacher says sharks got no bones. is she having a laugh?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** teacher, sharks · **What happens:** say, get, have · **To what, where:** bones, laugh · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 1 · ★★ of lesson 28 «Sharks» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/28-sharks/#t1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:28-sharks:t1:1
# text = the teacher says sharks got no bones. is she having a laugh?
1	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	sharks	shark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
6	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	7	det	_	_
7	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	laugh	laugh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the teacher |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **get** | past | sharks | no bones |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bone=Stimulus |
| 3 | **have** | present · progressive | teacher | a laugh |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent laugh=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, sharks have more bones than us

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:28-sharks:t1:o1:1
# text = Yes, sharks have more bones than us
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	sharks	shark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
6	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	than	than	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | sharks | more bones |  |  |  | than us | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Patient |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, she's right, a shark's skeleton is cartilage

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:28-sharks:t1:o2:1
# text = No, she's right, a shark's skeleton is cartilage
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	shark	shark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	skeleton	skeleton	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	cartilage	cartilage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | she |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a shark's skeleton | cartilage |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, sharks have no skeleton at all

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:28-sharks:t1:o3:1
# text = No, sharks have no skeleton at all
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	sharks	shark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	6	det	_	_
6	skeleton	skeleton	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | sharks | no skeleton |  | all |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skeleton=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, only baby sharks lack bones

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:28-sharks:t1:o4:1
# text = Yes, only baby sharks lack bones
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	sharks	shark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	lack	lack	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lack** | present | baby sharks | bones |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Dolphins, porpoises and seals, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/27-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals/e4/)
- next →: [Sharks, test 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/28-sharks/t2/)
- ↑ back to [Sharks](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/28-sharks/)