---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a La… — Extinct forever: the dodo, the passeng… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a Lazarus species? Exam question 4 of lesson 281 «Extinct forever: the dodo, the passenger pigeon, the thylacine and more» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of ea
---

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# Exam question 4 · Extinct forever: the dodo, the passenger pigeon, the thyla…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a Lazarus species?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** Lazarus species

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This is exam question 4 of lesson 281 «Extinct forever: the dodo, the passenger pigeon, the thylacine and more» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/281-extinct-forever-the-dodo-the-passenger-pigeon-the-thylacine-and-more/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:281-extinct-forever-the-dodo-the-passenger-pigeon-the-thylacine-and-more:e4:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a Lazarus species?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	Lazarus	Lazarus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	species	species	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | a Lazarus species |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A species confined to religious buildings

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:281-extinct-forever-the-dodo-the-passenger-pigeon-the-thylacine-and-more:e4:o1:1
# text = A species confined to religious buildings
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	species	species	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	confined	confine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	religious	religious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	buildings	building	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **confine** | participle |  | a species *not said here* |  | religious buildings |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to building=Destination |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A species formerly believed extinct which is subsequently found to survive

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:281-extinct-forever-the-dodo-the-passenger-pigeon-the-thylacine-and-more:e4:o2:1
# text = A species formerly believed extinct which is subsequently found to survive
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	species	species	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	formerly	formerly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	believed	believe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
5	extinct	extinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
8	subsequently	subsequently	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl:relcl	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	survive	survive	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | participle |  | a species *not said here* |  |  |  | extinct, formerly *property* | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **find** | present · passive |  | a species |  |  |  | subsequently *property* | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute clause=Theme |
| 3 | **survive** | to-infinitive | a species *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A species that has never been recorded

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:281-extinct-forever-the-dodo-the-passenger-pigeon-the-thylacine-and-more:e4:o3:1
# text = A species that has never been recorded
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
5	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
6	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	recorded	record	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **record** | present · perfect · passive |  | a species |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A species recreated from preserved DNA

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:281-extinct-forever-the-dodo-the-passenger-pigeon-the-thylacine-and-more:e4:o4:1
# text = A species recreated from preserved DNA
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	recreated	recreate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	preserved	preserve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	DNA	DNA	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **recreate** | participle |  | a species *not said here* |  | preserved DNA |  |  | vn play-114.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **preserve** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Extinct forever: the dodo, the passeng…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/281-extinct-forever-the-dodo-the-passenger-pigeon-the-thylacine-and-more/e3/)
- next →: [Comeback stories: bald eagles, humpbac…, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/282-comeback-stories-bald-eagles-humpback-whales-condors-and-the-kakapo/t1/)
- ↑ back to [Extinct forever: the dodo, the passenger pigeon, the thylacine and more](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/281-extinct-forever-the-dodo-the-passenger-pigeon-the-thylacine-and-more/)