---
title: In a cartoon a lizard catches a fly and burps happily. A boy says on… — Insects as food in other countries · tree and pragmatics
description: In a cartoon a lizard catches a fly and burps happily. A boy says only lizards eat bugs. What is right? Test 8 · ★ of lesson 290 «Insects as food in other countries» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's cho
---

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# Test 8 · ★ · Insects as food in other countries

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a cartoon a lizard catches a fly and burps happily. A boy says only lizards eat bugs. What is right?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** lizard, boy, lizards · **What happens:** catch, burp, say, eat, be · **To what, where:** fly, cartoon, bugs · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 8 · ★ of lesson 290 «Insects as food in other countries» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/290-insects-as-food-in-other-countries/#t8).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* In a cartoon a lizard catches a fly and burps happily.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:290-insects-as-food-in-other-countries:t8:1
# text = In a cartoon a lizard catches a fly and burps happily.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lizard	lizard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	catches	catch	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	fly	fly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	burps	burp	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
11	happily	happily	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **catch** | present | a lizard | a fly |  | a cartoon |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fly=Theme |
| 2 | **burp** | present | a lizard *not said here* |  |  |  |  | happily *property* | vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* A boy says only lizards eat bugs.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:290-insects-as-food-in-other-countries:t8:2
# text = A boy says only lizards eat bugs.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	lizards	lizard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	eat	eat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
7	bugs	bug	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | a boy |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **eat** | present | lizards | bugs |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bug=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* What is right?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:290-insects-as-food-in-other-countries:t8:3
# text = What is right?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only reptiles can digest insects, because of their special stomachs

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:290-insects-as-food-in-other-countries:t8:o1:1
# text = Only reptiles can digest insects, because of their special stomachs
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	reptiles	reptile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	digest	digest	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	11	case	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	fixed	_	_
9	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
10	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	stomachs	stomach	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **digest** | can | reptiles | insects |  |  |  | because reptiles's special stomachs | tree rules |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only birds and lizards eat insects

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:290-insects-as-food-in-other-countries:t8:o2:1
# text = Only birds and lizards eat insects
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	lizards	lizard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	eat	eat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | present | birds and lizards | insects |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Patient |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many people eat insects too, in many countries

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:290-insects-as-food-in-other-countries:t8:o3:1
# text = Many people eat insects too, in many countries
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	eat	eat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	too	too	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | present | Many people | insects |  | many countries |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Insects are poisonous to all mammals

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:290-insects-as-food-in-other-countries:t8:o4:1
# text = Insects are poisonous to all mammals
1	Insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	poisonous	poisonous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	mammals	mammal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Insects |  |  |  |  | to all mammals; poisonous *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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