---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Dogs from wolves to best friends: livi… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the significance of a growl? Exam question 3 of lesson 292 «Dogs from wolves to best friends: living with dogs today» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each op
---

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# Exam question 3 · Dogs from wolves to best friends: living with dogs today

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the significance of a growl?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** significance

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 292 «Dogs from wolves to best friends: living with dogs today» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/292-dogs-from-wolves-to-best-friends-living-with-dogs-today/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:292-dogs-from-wolves-to-best-friends-living-with-dogs-today:e3:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the significance of a growl?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	significance	significance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	growl	growl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the significance of a growl |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It signifies hunger exclusively

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:292-dogs-from-wolves-to-best-friends-living-with-dogs-today:e3:o1:1
# text = It signifies hunger exclusively
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	signifies	signify	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	hunger	hung	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	2	advmod	_	_
4	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **signify** | present | It |  |  |  |  | exclusively, hung *property* | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is an expression of contentment, comparable to the purring of the domestic cat

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:292-dogs-from-wolves-to-best-friends-living-with-dogs-today:e3:o2:1
# text = It is an expression of contentment, comparable to the purring of the domestic cat
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	expression	expression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	contentment	contentment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	comparable	comparable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	purring	purring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	domestic	domestic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a expression |  |  |  | of contentment | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is invariably followed by play

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:292-dogs-from-wolves-to-best-friends-living-with-dogs-today:e3:o3:1
# text = It is invariably followed by play
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	invariably	invariably	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	followed	follow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	play	play	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | present · passive | play | It |  |  |  | invariably *property* | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is a warning, the suppression of which may result in a bite without warning

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:292-dogs-from-wolves-to-best-friends-living-with-dogs-today:e3:o4:1
# text = It is a warning, the suppression of which may result in a bite without warning
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	warning	warning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	suppression	suppression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	obl	_	_
10	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	result	result	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	acl:relcl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	bite	bite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	without	without	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	warning	warning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a warning |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **result** | may |  |  |  | a bite |  | of the suppression; without warning | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in bite=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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