---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Horses, cattle, camels and chickens: h… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the distinction between domestication and training? Exam question 3 of lesson 293 «Horses, cattle, camels and chickens: how people tamed animals» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of
---

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# Exam question 3 · Horses, cattle, camels and chickens: how people tamed anim…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the distinction between domestication and training?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** distinction

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 293 «Horses, cattle, camels and chickens: how people tamed animals» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/293-horses-cattle-camels-and-chickens-how-people-tamed-animals/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:293-horses-cattle-camels-and-chickens-how-people-tamed-animals:e3:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the distinction between domestication and training?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	distinction	distinction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	between	between	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	domestication	domestication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	training	training	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the distinction |  |  |  | of the following statements; between domestication and training; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Training alters a species over many generations, whereas domestication instructs a single animal within its lifetime

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:293-horses-cattle-camels-and-chickens-how-people-tamed-animals:e3:o1:1
# text = Training alters a species over many generations, whereas domestication instructs a single animal within its lifetime
1	Training	training	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	alters	alter	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	species	species	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	over	over	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	generations	generation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	domestication	domestication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	instructs	instruct	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
15	within	within	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	lifetime	lifetime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **alter** | present | Training | a species |  |  | over many generations |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent species=Patient |
| 2 | **instruct** *speech: other* | present | domestication |  | a single animal |  |  | within domestication's lifetime | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent animal=Recipient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Domestication and training are identical processes

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:293-horses-cattle-camels-and-chickens-how-people-tamed-animals:e3:o2:1
# text = Domestication and training are identical processes
1	Domestication	domestication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	training	training	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	identical	identical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	processes	process	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Domestication and training | identical processes |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Domestication pertains exclusively to circus animals

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:293-horses-cattle-camels-and-chickens-how-people-tamed-animals:e3:o3:1
# text = Domestication pertains exclusively to circus animals
1	Domestication	domestication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	pertains	pertain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	circus	circus	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pertain** | present | Domestication |  |  |  |  | to circus animals; exclusively *property* | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to animal=Co-Theme |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Domestication alters a species over many generations, whereas training instructs an individual animal

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:293-horses-cattle-camels-and-chickens-how-people-tamed-animals:e3:o4:1
# text = Domestication alters a species over many generations, whereas training instructs an individual animal
1	Domestication	domestication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	alters	alter	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	species	species	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	over	over	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	generations	generation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	training	training	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	instructs	instruct	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
12	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	individual	individual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **alter** | present | Domestication | a species |  |  | over many generations |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent species=Patient |
| 2 | **instruct** *speech: other* | present | training |  | a individual animal |  |  |  | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent animal=Recipient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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