---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Animal myths put right: elephants and… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the vision of bats? Exam question 3 of lesson 295 «Animal myths put right: elephants and mice, lemmings, ostriches and goldfish» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and
---

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# Exam question 3 · Animal myths put right: elephants and mice, lemmings, ostr…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the vision of bats?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** vision

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 295 «Animal myths put right: elephants and mice, lemmings, ostriches and goldfish» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/295-animal-myths-put-right-elephants-and-mice-lemmings-ostriches-and-goldfish/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:295-animal-myths-put-right-elephants-and-mice-lemmings-ostriches-and-goldfish:e3:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the vision of bats?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	vision	vision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the vision of bats |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bats possess sight exclusively during daylight hours

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:295-animal-myths-put-right-elephants-and-mice-lemmings-ostriches-and-goldfish:e3:o1:1
# text = Bats possess sight exclusively during daylight hours
1	Bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	possess	possess	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	sight	sight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
5	during	during	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	daylight	daylight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **possess** | present | Bats | sight |  |  | hour | exclusively *property* | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot sight=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bats are universally devoid of sight and depend upon echolocation alone in all circumstances

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:295-animal-myths-put-right-elephants-and-mice-lemmings-ostriches-and-goldfish:e3:o2:1
# text = Bats are universally devoid of sight and depend upon echolocation alone in all circumstances
1	Bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	universally	universally	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	devoid	devoid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	sight	sight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	depend	depend	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
9	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	echolocation	echolocation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
11	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	14	det	_	_
14	circumstances	circumstance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Bats |  |  |  |  | of sight; devoid, universally *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **depend** | present | Bats *not said here* |  |  | all circumstances |  | upon echolocation; alone *property* | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bats perceive solely by means of smell

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:295-animal-myths-put-right-elephants-and-mice-lemmings-ostriches-and-goldfish:e3:o3:1
# text = Bats perceive solely by means of smell
1	Bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	perceive	perceive	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	solely	solely	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	smell	smell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **perceive** | present | Bats |  |  |  |  | solely *property* | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | of smell | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
All bats possess sight, and numerous species additionally employ echolocation

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:295-animal-myths-put-right-elephants-and-mice-lemmings-ostriches-and-goldfish:e3:o4:1
# text = All bats possess sight, and numerous species additionally employ echolocation
1	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	possess	possess	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	sight	sight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
7	numerous	numerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
9	additionally	additionally	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	employ	employ	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
11	echolocation	echolocation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **possess** | present | all bats | sight |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot sight=Theme |
| 2 | **employ** | infinitive | numerous species | echolocation |  |  |  | additionally *property* | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent echolocation=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- next →: [Animal myths put right: elephants and…, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/295-animal-myths-put-right-elephants-and-mice-lemmings-ostriches-and-goldfish/e4/)
- ↑ back to [Animal myths put right: elephants and mice, lemmings, ostriches and goldfish](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/295-animal-myths-put-right-elephants-and-mice-lemmings-ostriches-and-goldfish/)