---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — The rainforest from below: understorey… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the illumination of the rainforest floor? Exam question 1 of lesson 3 «The rainforest from below: understorey and forest floor» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and 
---

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# Exam question 1 · The rainforest from below: understorey and forest floor

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the illumination of the rainforest floor?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, illuminate · **To what, where:** illumination, rainforest floor

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 3 «The rainforest from below: understorey and forest floor» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/3-the-rainforest-from-below/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:3-the-rainforest-from-below:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the illumination of the rainforest floor?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	illumination	illumination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	rainforest	rainforest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the illumination of the rainforest floor |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **illuminate** |  |  | the rainforest floor |  |  |  |  | nom illumination «state transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Approximately one half of incident sunlight reaches the floor

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:3-the-rainforest-from-below:e1:o1:1
# text = Approximately one half of incident sunlight reaches the floor
1	Approximately	approximately	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	7	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	incident	incident	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	reaches	reach	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reach** | present | one half of incident sunlight | the floor |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent floor=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No sunlight whatsoever reaches the floor at any location

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:3-the-rainforest-from-below:e1:o2:1
# text = No sunlight whatsoever reaches the floor at any location
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	2	det	_	_
2	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	whatsoever	whatsoever	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	reaches	reach	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	9	det	_	_
9	location	location	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reach** | present | whatsoever | the floor |  | any location |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent floor=Theme at location=Asset |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Approximately two per cent of incident sunlight penetrates to the floor of a dense rainforest

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:3-the-rainforest-from-below:e1:o3:1
# text = Approximately two per cent of incident sunlight penetrates to the floor of a dense rainforest
1	Approximately	approximately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
2	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
3	per	per	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	cent	cent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	incident	incident	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	penetrates	penetrate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	dense	dense	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	rainforest	rainforest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **penetrate** | present | two per cent of incident sunlight |  |  |  |  | to the floor of a dense rainforest; approximately *property* | vn poke-19 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The floor of the rainforest receives the entirety of incident sunlight through gaps in the foliage

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:3-the-rainforest-from-below:e1:o4:1
# text = The floor of the rainforest receives the entirety of incident sunlight through gaps in the foliage
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	rainforest	rainforest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	receives	receive	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	entirety	entirety	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	incident	incident	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	through	through	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	gaps	gap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	foliage	foliage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **receive** | present | the floor of the rainforest | the entirety of incident sunlight |  | gaps in the foliage |  |  | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent entirety=Theme through gap=Location |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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