---
title: «how does a jaguar kill a turtle, the shell's well hard» Which is cl… — The rainforest from below: understorey… · tree and pragmatics
description: «how does a jaguar kill a turtle, the shell's well hard» Which is closest to the truth? Test 11 · ★ of lesson 3 «The rainforest from below: understorey and forest floor» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's
---

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# Test 11 · ★ · The rainforest from below: understorey and forest floor

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«how does a jaguar kill a turtle, the shell's well hard» Which is closest to the truth?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** jaguar, shell, hard · **What happens:** kill, be · **To what, where:** turtle · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is test 11 · ★ of lesson 3 «The rainforest from below: understorey and forest floor» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/3-the-rainforest-from-below/#t11).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:3-the-rainforest-from-below:t11:1
# text = «how does a jaguar kill a turtle, the shell's well hard» Which is closest to the truth?
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
3	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	jaguar	jaguar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	kill	kill	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	turtle	turtle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	shell	shell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
13	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	14	advmod	_	_
14	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	_
16	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
18	closest	close	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	parataxis	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kill** *in a quote* | present · do-support | a jaguar | a turtle |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | the shell |  |  |  |  | hard, well *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | hard |  |  |  |  | to the truth; close *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its very strong bite can break through the shell

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:3-the-rainforest-from-below:t11:o1:1
# text = Its very strong bite can break through the shell
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
2	very	very	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	bite	bite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	break	break	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	through	through	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	shell	shell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | can | Its strong bite |  |  | the shell |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through shell=Location |
| 2 | **bite** |  | Its *= it* |  |  |  |  |  | nom bite «state transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It waits for the turtle to come out of its shell

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:3-the-rainforest-from-below:t11:o2:1
# text = It waits for the turtle to come out of its shell
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	waits	wait	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	turtle	turtle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
8	out	out	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	shell	shell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wait** | present | It |  |  |  |  | for the turtle | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **come out** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | of turtle's shell; out *property* | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jaguars never eat turtles

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:3-the-rainforest-from-below:t11:o3:1
# text = Jaguars never eat turtles
1	Jaguars	jaguar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	eat	eat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	turtles	turtle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **eat** | present | Jaguars | turtles |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent turtle=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It rolls the turtle into a river

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:3-the-rainforest-from-below:t11:o4:1
# text = It rolls the turtle into a river
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	rolls	roll	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	turtle	turtle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **roll** | present | It | the turtle |  | a river |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location turtle=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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