---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Parrots of the world: macaws, cockatoo… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the arrangement of the toes of a parrot? Exam question 2 of lesson 303 «Parrots of the world: macaws, cockatoos, African greys, lorikeets and the cheeky kea» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and p
---

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# Exam question 2 · Parrots of the world: macaws, cockatoos, African greys, lo…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the arrangement of the toes of a parrot?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, arrange · **To what, where:** arrangement, toes

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 303 «Parrots of the world: macaws, cockatoos, African greys, lorikeets and the cheeky kea» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/303-parrots-of-the-world-macaws-cockatoos-african-greys-lorikeets-and-the-cheeky-kea/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:303-parrots-of-the-world-macaws-cockatoos-african-greys-lorikeets-and-the-cheeky-kea:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the arrangement of the toes of a parrot?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	arrangement	arrangement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	toes	toe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	parrot	parrot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the arrangement of the toes of a parrot |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **arrange** |  |  | the toes of a parrot |  |  |  |  | nom arrangement «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The toes are fused into a single grasping claw

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:303-parrots-of-the-world-macaws-cockatoos-african-greys-lorikeets-and-the-cheeky-kea:e2:o1:1
# text = The toes are fused into a single grasping claw
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	toes	toe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	fused	fuse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	grasping	grasping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	claw	claw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fuse** | present · passive |  | the toes |  |  |  | into a single grasping claw | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: subject=Patient into claw=Co-Patient |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Three toes are directed forward and one backward upon each foot

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:303-parrots-of-the-world-macaws-cockatoos-african-greys-lorikeets-and-the-cheeky-kea:e2:o2:1
# text = Three toes are directed forward and one backward upon each foot
1	Three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	toes	toe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	directed	direct	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	forward	forward	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	conj	_	_
8	backward	backward	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
9	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	11	det	_	_
11	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **direct** | present · passive |  | Three toes |  |  |  | upon each foot; backward, forward *property* | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.theme PP.predicate»: subject=Theme upon foot=Eventuality |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
All toes are directed forward upon each foot

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:303-parrots-of-the-world-macaws-cockatoos-african-greys-lorikeets-and-the-cheeky-kea:e2:o3:1
# text = All toes are directed forward upon each foot
1	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	toes	toe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	directed	direct	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	forward	forward	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **direct** | present · passive |  | all toes |  |  |  | upon each foot; forward *property* | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.theme PP.predicate»: subject=Theme upon foot=Eventuality |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Two toes are directed forward and two backward upon each foot

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:303-parrots-of-the-world-macaws-cockatoos-african-greys-lorikeets-and-the-cheeky-kea:e2:o4:1
# text = Two toes are directed forward and two backward upon each foot
1	Two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	toes	toe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	directed	direct	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	forward	forward	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	conj	_	_
8	backward	backward	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
9	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	11	det	_	_
11	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **direct** | present · passive |  | Two toes |  |  |  | upon each foot; backward, forward *property* | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.theme PP.predicate»: subject=Theme upon foot=Eventuality |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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