---
title: Identify the means by which weaver ants join the edges of leaves in… — Ants of the world: weaver ants, bullet… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the means by which weaver ants join the edges of leaves in the construction of their nests. Exam question 1 of lesson 304 «Ants of the world: weaver ants, bullet ants, honeypot ants and trap-jaw ants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of
---

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# Exam question 1 · Ants of the world: weaver ants, bullet ants, honeypot ants…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the means by which weaver ants join the edges of leaves in the construction of their nests.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, the, weaver ants · **What happens:** identify, mean, join, construct · **To what, where:** edges, construction, nests · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 304 «Ants of the world: weaver ants, bullet ants, honeypot ants and trap-jaw ants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/304-ants-of-the-world-weaver-ants-bullet-ants-honeypot-ants-and-trap-jaw-ants/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:304-ants-of-the-world-weaver-ants-bullet-ants-honeypot-ants-and-trap-jaw-ants:e1:1
# text = Identify the means by which weaver ants join the edges of leaves in the construction of their nests.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	ccomp	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	obl	_	_
6	weaver	weaver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	ants	ant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	join	join	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	edges	edge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	construction	construction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	nests	nest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present | the |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **join** | present | weaver ants | the edges of leaves |  | the construction of ants's nests |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent edge=Patient |
| 4 | **construct** |  |  | ants's nests |  |  |  |  | nom construction «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wax secreted from glands upon the abdomen

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:304-ants-of-the-world-weaver-ants-bullet-ants-honeypot-ants-and-trap-jaw-ants:e1:o1:1
# text = Wax secreted from glands upon the abdomen
1	Wax	Wax	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	secreted	secrete	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	glands	gland	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
5	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	abdomen	abdomen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **secrete** | past | Wax |  |  | glands |  | upon the abdomen | tree rules |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Silk produced by larvae held by worker ants

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:304-ants-of-the-world-weaver-ants-bullet-ants-honeypot-ants-and-trap-jaw-ants:e1:o2:1
# text = Silk produced by larvae held by worker ants
1	Silk	silk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	produced	produce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	larvae	larva	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
5	held	hold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	worker	worker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	ants	ant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **produce** | participle |  | Silk *not said here* |  |  |  | by larvae | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **hold** | participle |  | larvae *not said here* |  |  |  | by worker ants | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by ant=Location |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mud transported from the ground below

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:304-ants-of-the-world-weaver-ants-bullet-ants-honeypot-ants-and-trap-jaw-ants:e1:o3:1
# text = Mud transported from the ground below
1	Mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	transported	transport	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	below	below	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **transport** | participle |  | Mud *not said here* |  | the ground |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Resin collected from the bark of trees

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:304-ants-of-the-world-weaver-ants-bullet-ants-honeypot-ants-and-trap-jaw-ants:e1:o4:1
# text = Resin collected from the bark of trees
1	Resin	resin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	collected	collect	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bark	bark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **collect** | past | Resin |  |  | the bark of trees |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from bark=Source |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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